This article presents a systematic review of the ecophysiological mechanisms underpinning the essential role of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in improving rice yield and quality. The scientific literature is thoroughly reviewed, highlighting how PGPMs positively influence the growth, development, and health of rice plants. Key aspects, such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, hormone production, and disease resistance induction, are emphasized. Additionally, technological advancements related to PGPM use are analyzed, including the identification of effective strains, the formulation of enhanced biofertilizers, and genetic engineering. The article concludes that PGPMs represent a promising tool with which to boost the sustainability and productivity of rice cultivation, providing a robust foundation for future research and practical applications in a field crucial to global food security.

Tropical grassland soils, especially those with alkaline properties, often exhibit limited phosphorus availability due to its precipitation in insoluble forms. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and rhizobia have demonstrated their potential to enhance the availability of this nutrient and promote the growth of forage legumes. This study, conducted under controlled conditions in a mesh house, evaluated the effect of co-inoculation with PSB, including Micrococcus sp. Sfcm-14-01, Agrobacterium sp. Sfl-043-09, and Enterobacter sp. Sfcm-014-02 and Sfcm-054-06, along with rhizobia (Ensifer terangae R1-012-02 and Bradyrhizobium glycinis Rcm-025-01), under different levels of phosphorus fertilization on the legumes Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema macrocarpum. The results indicate significant increases in various growth parameters, such as chlorophyll levels (SPAD), biomass (dry weight of roots and aerial parts) (mg), the foliar phosphorus concentration (ppm), and the concentration of available phosphorus in the soil, particularly under low-phosphorus fertilization conditions. The highest level of available phosphorus in the soil was achieved with 75% of the recommended fertilization dose, resulting in concentrations of 13.73 ppm for L. leucocephala and 7.69 ppm for C. macrocarpum, representing increases in phosphorus availability of 170.81% and 240.27%, respectively, compared with no fertilization or inoculation. These findings suggest that the co-inoculation of PSB and native rhizobia is a promising strategy to enhance the biomass productivity and mineral content of forage in tropical grazing systems, especially under phosphorus-limited conditions.

Iron deficiency remains a major public health challenge in populations relying on staple foods with low iron bioavailability, including polished rice. This narrative review evaluates how beneficial plant-associated microorganisms may support iron (Fe) biofortification by influencing Fe mobilization in the rhizosphere, root acquisition, and subsequent transport to edible tissues. We organize the existing evidence along a soil–plant–grain–food continuum and distinguish measured outcomes from proposed mechanistic links. This evidence-based framework is described as a plant–microbe biomanufacturing platform in a strictly conceptual sense: neither plants nor microorganisms manufacture Fe; rather, their interactions can modify its mobilization and distribution. Most studies have demonstrated microbial effects on Fe availability and plant physiology, but fewer have established increased Fe in grain, and evidence for Fe being retained after polishing or absorbed by consumers remains scarce. Future work should integrate field validation, nitrogen and water management, Fe localization, food processing, and nutritional bioavailability. This approach may help prioritize testable interventions without equating microbial activity or higher total grain Fe with improved human iron status.

En los mataderos se genera grandes volúmenes de aguas residuales con alto contenido de materia orgánica, lo cual ocasiona impactos significativos en los cuerpos receptores. Por lo cual, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la eficiencia de diferentes procesos de electrocoagulación en la remoción de la materia orgánica presente en el agua residual de un matadero. Para lo cual, se realizaron mediciones antes de la aplicación del sistema de electrocoagulación y después de la aplicación del mencionado sistema. Los resultados explican un grado de confiabilidad del 0,95, indicando que dicho sistema con aplicaciones de 12Vx15min (T1) y 24Vx10min (T2) logran reducir los parámetros de demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO) de 585 mg/L a 183,83 mg/L (T1) y 104,17 mg/L (T2), la turbiedad de 444 UNT a 39,67 UNT (T1) y 26,00 UNT (T2), la conductividad eléctrica de 1579 µmho/cm a 359,40 µmho/cm (T1) y 128,92 µmho/cm (T2), los sólidos suspendidos totales (SST) de 466 mg/L a 28,83 mg/L (T1) y 14,50 mg/L (T2) y el potencial de hidrógeno (pH) desde 11,77 unidades de pH hasta 8,34 y 7,53 respectivamente; concluyéndose que, existiendo diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos.