The aim of this systematic review was to assess the scientific literature on the accuracy of guided implant surgery and the methods used for its quantification. Two reviewers searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles published before 2023. Two methodological quality-assessment tools were used to assess the quality of the studies included. Inter-investigator reliability was verified using kappa statistics. Twenty-three clinical studies out of the 3299 articles initially identified met the inclusion criteria. The “radiographic matching method” and “digital registration method” were used to assess accuracy in guided surgery. The mean angular, coronal, and apical deviations of mucosa-supported guides ranged from 2.7° to 5.14°, 0.87 mm to 2.05 mm, and 1.08 mm to 2.28 mm, respectively. With bone-supported guides, these ranged from 2.49° to 5.08°, 0.71 mm to 1.60, and 0.77 mm to 1.65 mm, respectively. In tooth-supported guides, deviations were from 2.5° to 5.62°, 0.39 mm to 1.63 mm and 0.28 mm, and 1.84 mm, respectively. Regardless of the evaluation method, all systems exhibit some error. The minimum and maximum deviation ranges found between the planned and placed implants show that, although deviations occur, guided surgery is not far from accurate.

Aim: The objective of this research was to compare two methods of conscious sedation (midazolam vs. sevoflurane) used for performing oral surgical procedures in the older adult population by analyzing dental treatment-related anxiety levels, the quality of sedation, and potential hemodynamic changes during the interventions, as well as post-recovery symptoms and patient satisfaction levels. Methods: A total of 104 patients underwent oral surgery with intravenous (age: 84.00 ± 8.410; 17 men and 36 women) and inhalation conscious sedation (age: 82.73 ± 8.809; 18 men and 33 women). Anxiety levels were recorded using the Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). During the intervention, the heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, episodes of hypoxia (<90%SpO2), sedation duration, and Sedation–Agitation Scale (SAS) values were monitored. Upon completion of their treatment, all patients completed three questionnaires which evaluated their recall of the intervention, postoperative symptoms, and recommendation of the sedation method used. Results: Anxiety levels were slightly higher in the midazolam group (MDAS score: 9.60 ± 5.849; HARS score: 27.19 ± 6.802) compared to the sevoflurane group (MDAS score: 8.37 ± 5.063; HARS score: 24.92 ± 5.199), with no statistical significance (MDAS, p = 0.453/HARS, p = 0.065). No significant differences in the analyzed hemodynamic parameters were observed between the two groups. However, SAS values were significantly higher in the sevoflurane group (p = 0.006), while the sedation duration was longer in the midazolam group (p = 0.000). Postoperative symptoms, particularly gastrointestinal disturbances and dry mouth, were significantly more prevalent in the midazolam group, while there were no differences in neurological symptoms between the two groups. The majority of patients expressed a preference for either of these sedation methods. Conclusions: Sedation with agents such as midazolam and sevoflurane appears to be quite safe, given the absence of relevant hemodynamic changes. Midazolam has been shown to be effective for a longer duration, as well as to have a lower risk of developing greater digestive problems during the postoperative period. On the contrary, sevoflurane produced a greater sensation of dry mouth. Both sedative agents are perceived by the older adult population as satisfactory, recommending their use.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are highly prevalent among dental professionals and often begin during clinical training. Preventive strategies within dental education remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrating a structured yoga-based programme into postgraduate dental training on musculoskeletal symptoms, perceived stress, and resilience. A randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in which participants were allocated to either an intervention group undertaking a 12-week yoga programme (one session per week) or a control group continuing usual clinical activities. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using the adapted Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) recall measure, while psychological outcomes were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Over the study period, musculoskeletal symptom scores decreased in the intervention group, whereas they remained relatively stable in the control group. Significant Group × Time interactions were observed for the primary musculoskeletal outcomes. No significant differences were found for work-related impairment, perceived stress, or resilience. These preliminary findings suggest that structured movement-based interventions may represent a potentially feasible preventive approach within dental training environments to address early occupational musculoskeletal strain. Further research with larger samples and longer intervention periods is needed to confirm these findings.

Background/Objectives: Titanium implants remain the gold standard in implant dentistry. However, growing interest in metal-free alternatives has led to increased use of zirconia implants. Despite encouraging short-term outcomes, evidence regarding the medium- to long-term survival of one-piece zirconia implants (O-PZIs) and associated risk factors remains limited. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the survival of O-PZIs over follow-up periods of up to 8 years and to explore variables potentially associated with implant failure. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a private dental clinic (Madrid, Spain). A total of 307 O-PZIs placed in 196 patients between 2017 and 2021 were analyzed. Implant survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis, while associations between clinical variables and implant failure were explored using chi-square tests and multivariate Cox regression models (p < 0.05). The mean follow-up period was 61.37 ± 2.25 months. Results: After a mean follow-up of 61.37 ± 2.25 months (range: 39–96 months), 42 failures were recorded, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 86.32% (CI 95%: 79.28–92.96%). Most failures (64.29%) occurred before prosthetic loading. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly lower survival for tapered implants (p < 0.001) and among smokers (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that only simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) was independently associated with implant failure (Exp(B) = 3.191; 95% CI: 1.299–7.840; p = 0.011). However, this association should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective design, potential confounding, limited number of events, and lack of adjustment for clustering at the patient level. The discrepancies observed between statistical methods highlight the importance of time-to-event analyses in implant research. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, O-PZIs demonstrated acceptable medium- to long-term survival. Simultaneous GBR may be associated with increased risk of failure. However, these findings should be considered exploratory. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these results and to better define risk factors in ceramic implant therapy.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions affecting the stomatognathic system and are commonly associated with pain, mandibular dysfunction, limited mouth opening, and impaired quality of life. Although conservative management remains the first-line treatment, a proportion of patients require surgical intervention because of persistent symptoms, internal derangement, degenerative disease, ankylosis, tumors, or other structural abnormalities. This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of arthroscopic and open surgical management of TMJ disorders. It reviews the indications, surgical techniques, advantages, limitations, complications, and clinical outcomes of both approaches. Arthroscopy is presented as a minimally invasive procedure that enables direct visualization and treatment of intraarticular pathology while minimizing postoperative morbidity. Key aspects of arthroscopic access, triangulation, and therapeutic procedures are discussed together with current evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness. Open TMJ surgery is described as the preferred option for advanced or complex disorders, including ankylosis, tumors, selected condylar fractures, recurrent dislocations, severe degenerative joint disease, and cases refractory to minimally invasive treatment. The chapter also addresses postoperative rehabilitation, patient selection, and diagnostic imaging. Finally, emerging regenerative therapies, including platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid, are reviewed as potential adjuncts to improve surgical outcomes. The chapter aims to provide an evidence-based and clinically oriented resource for professionals involved in the management of TMJ disorders.