Various biomaterials are currently used for bone regeneration, with autogenous bone being considered the gold standard material because of its osteogenic, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive properties. In recent years, the use of autogenous dentin as a graft material has been described. This split-mouth clinical trial assesses the efficacy of autogenous dentin for the regeneration of periodontal defects caused by bone loss associated with impacted lower third molar extraction. Fifteen patients underwent bilateral extraction surgery (30 third molars) using dentin as a graft material on the test side, and leaving the control side to heal spontaneously, comparing the evolution of the defects by evaluating probing depth at three and six months post-operatively. Bone density and alveolar bone crest maintenance were also evaluated six months after surgery, and pain, inflammation, mouth opening capacity on the second and seventh days after surgery. Probing depth, radiographic bone density, and alveolar bone crest maintenance showed significant differences between the test and control sides. Autogenous dentin was found to be an effective biomaterial for bone regeneration after impacted lower third molar extraction.

Our objective was to verify the performance of a new method for obtaining platelet-rich plasma, while avoiding contamination of the sample during its processing. Twenty healthy patients were selected, from whom 21 ml of blood was extracted. We then proceeded to study the platelets and growth factors in basal blood after centrifuging the sample by using a new closed system for obtaining platelet-rich plasma (PRP). After centrifuging the blood sample, double the amount of platelets as that found in basal blood was obtained. Of the four growth factors analyzed, only the factor similar to insulin (IGF) contained the same concentration after the centrifuge process. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the vascular growth factor (VGF) were multiplied by six with respect to the basal values and disproportionately increased the levels of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). In conclusion, the new closed method for obtaining PRP, after avoiding contamination of the sample following its use, offers levels of platelet concentrate and growth factors necessary for regeneration.0.537 SJR (2011) Q1, 26/107 Dentistry (miscellaneous); Q2, 504/1832 Medicine (miscellaneous), 133/362 Surgery, 42/91 Otorhinolaryngolog

The removal of impacted lower third molars (ILTMs) is associated with bone defects in the distal area of second molars. Different methods have been described to minimize these defects. The primary objective was to assess changes in probing depth (PD) over time (up to 36 months) between test (grafted) and control (ungrafted) groups; the graft was obtained from the extracted ILTM. This split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Postgraduate Course in Oral Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Complutense University of Madrid. Adult patients requiring bilateral ILTM extraction with adjacent second molars were recruited, excluding pregnant/lactating women, patients in treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and patients with periodontal diseases. The predictor variable was the graft technique. The bone defect after ILTM removal was treated with autogenous tooth graft (ATG) in the test group, leaving the control group ungrafted. PD on the distobuccal, distomedial, and distolingual surfaces was recorded in both groups and averaged at baseline (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 36 months (T3) postoperatively. Sex, age, surgical time, ILTM situation and position between groups were assessed. ANOVA repeated measures for comparisons between groups and the Friedman test for comparisons within the groups over time were applied. Statistical significance was established with a confidence interval of 95% (P < .05). The sample comprised 22 patients (6 males, 16 females) with a mean age of 21.68 ± 2.19 years; 44 ILTM extractions were performed. Statistically significant differences in PD average were found between groups (P < .001, 95% confidence interval) at 3 (1.63 ± 0.29), 6 (1.76 ± 0.3), and 36 months (1.74 ± 0.36). Reductions from T0 to T3 of 2.74 ± 0.28 (P < .001) and 0.54 ± 0.3 (P = .43) were observed in test and control groups, respectively. ATG placed on the distal surface of lower second molars and almost completely filling the extraction socket improved PD 3, 6 and 36 months after ILTM. Furthermore, no significant changes in PD were observed over time; no major complications occurred. ATG appears to be a viable alternative graft material for this procedure.

Objectives: To analyze the height and width of the ridge at the level of the premaxilla in edentulous patients, evaluating whether the sex of the patient, type of prosthetic rehabilitation and antagonist have an influence. Material and Method: We randomly selected a total of 89 patients, having an average age of 66.21 years old. A total of 308 measurements were made, all of them at the level of the premaxilla, in the intercanine area. As dependent variables, we analyzed the patients’ sex, age and the antagonist: removable (dental) prostheses (RP), fixed (dental) prostheses (FD), natural dentition (ND). As independent variables, we measured the height and residual width in sagittal sections provided by tomographic studies using Dentascan®. Results: We observed a significantly smaller ridge in women versus in men, and in patients whose antagonist was a fixed prosthesis; whereas for the type of prosthesis, we did not observe significant differences between the two categories analyzed. Conclusions: Bone resorption at the level of the premaxilla is a variable process in which a smaller size is observed (height and width) in women and when the antagonist is a fixed prosthesis.