The inappropriate use of antimicrobials in dairy animals can lead to residues in raw milk and in dairy products. Foods containing residues of this nature, whether in the short, medium, or long term, cause serious health harm. Absence of these compounds in foods should be a premise for declaring safety. This systematic review aimed to identify the antibiotic residues most frequently found in raw bovine milk and the methodologies used to detect such residues over the ten years from 2013 to 2023. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed, by searching the Web of Science, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Springer databases. The search strategy identified 248 articles, and after applying the selection and quality assessment criteria, 16 studies were selected. The number of samples analyzed was 411,530, of which 0.21% tested positive for some type of antibiotic. Eight classes and 38 different types of antibiotics were identified. The most common class was tetracycline, with emphasis on sulfonamides and quinolones, which have shown increasing prevalence among residues in milk in recent years. A total of 56.25% of the studies employed rapid kits to detect residues, 18.75% chromatography, and 25% both techniques. Antibiotic residues in bovine raw milk should be a great concern for animal, environmental, and human health.

Noventa e seis bovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x3, sendo quatro genótipos, Nelore (N), ½ Simental ½ Nelore (SN), ½ Red Angus ½ Nelore (AN) e ½ Red Angus ¼ Simental ¼ Nelore (ASN), e três condições sexuais, inteiro (I), castrado (C) e castrado mais Synovex S® ® (CS). A castração ocorreu aos seis meses de idade e o confinamento, aos nove meses. A alimentação consistiu de cana picada (70%) e concentrado (30%). As pesagens foram realizadas em intervalos de 28 dias, após jejum de 16 horas, e os animais foram abatidos com 13 a 15 meses. Utilizou-se o programa computacional MINITAB para as análises estatísticas. Avaliou-se a influência do genótipo (G), da condição sexual (CSx) e a interação G x CSx sobre características produtivas e de carcaça. G influenciou peso final (PF) e peso de carcaça quente (PCQ). O genótipo SN apresentou maior PF médio (389,3 kg) e o genótipo AN o menor (343,1 kg). CSx influenciou PF, PCQ e grau de acabamento (GA). I e CS foram mais pesados ao final (373,8 kg e 375,2, respectivamente) que os C (341,2 kg). O menor peso médio de PCQ foi observado nos animais C (180,6 kg), que diferiu daquele dos animais I (197,0kg) e dos CS (201,3kg). Animais CS apresentaram maior grau de acabamento (2,17) que as outras CSx. A CSx mostrou tendência de influência sobre a área de olho do lombo -AOL nos animais CS, com a maior média (65,21 cm²), contra 62,85 cm², para animais I, e 58,30 cm², para animais C. Houve interação G x CSx para ganho médio diário GMD e rendimento de carcaça REND. Quando corrigido para covariável peso inicial, registrou-se interação no PF e, quando corrigido para PF, interação no PCQ. Animais com gene de raça continental foram mais pesados ao final do experimento. A castração aos seis meses de idade prejudicou o desempenho de bovinos confinados e abatidos aos 15 meses. O uso de anabolisante melhorou o grau de acabamento de carcaça.

Different chilling treatments are used before meat storage. The effect of spray chilling (SC) on meat quality appears to vary. Here, we investigated the effects of SC on beef carcass weight loss and meat quality during subsequent storage. The 2-h SC program tested involved 180-s initial spraying, followed by 60-s spray cycles at 540-s intervals. Deboned chuck tender (IMPS 116B) beef cuts were vacuum-packaged and stored for up to 60 d. Purge and cooking losses, Warner-Bratzler shear force, meat colour [CIE L*, a*, b*], and microbiological quality were evaluated. SC reduced carcass weight loss (P<0.001) compared with conventional chilling. However, storage time affected the purge and cooking losses, and Warner-Bratzler shear force. CIE a* and b* values increased (P<0.05) after 30-d aging in both chilling treatments. Pronounced psychrotrophic growth was observed during storage after both treatments. In conclusion, SC can be used to reduce the economic losses associated with meat chilling, without affecting meat quality attributes.

This research detected Listeria monocytogenes in samples of animal origin and equipment from processing industries using Real-Time PCR and VIDAS LMO 2 techniques. We analyzed 248 samples collected in dairy products, chicken meat, frozen, beef cuts, mechanically deboned chicken meat, fresh giblets, processed meat products and equipment of Brazilian processing plants. The microorganism was detected in 7.3% (18/248) of samples associating the two methodologies, in 6.4% (16/248) by Real-Time PCR and 4.0% (10/248) by the other method. L. monocytogenes was detected in 3.1% (3/95) of dairy products, 4.0% (3/74) of chicken meat, 84.6% (11/13) mechanically deboned chicken meat and 8.3% (1/12) processed meat products. The positive samples included mozzarella, fresh Minas cheese, chicken meat cut, mechanically deboned chicken meat, fresh chicken sausage. The bacteria were absent in frozen, beef cuts and equipment food processing industry samples. The presence of the bacteria in cheeses, chicken meats, and sausages indicated that these foods can pose risks to public health and emphasizes the need to implement control measures during processing. Equally worrying is the presence of the microorganism in mechanically deboned chicken meat and in the raw material for countless processed meat products.