To investigate beneficial effects of Pomegranate seeds oil (PSO), leaves (PL), juice (PJ) and (PP) on brain cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative stress and lipid profile in high-fat-high fructose diet (HFD) induced-obese rat. In vitro and in vivo cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative status, body and brain weight and plasma lipid profile were measured in control rats, HFD-fed rats and HFD-fed rats treated by PSO, PL, PJ and PP. In vitro study showed that PSO, PL, PP, PJ inhibited cholinesterase activity in dose dependant manner. PL extract displayed the highest inhibitory activity by IC50 of 151.85 mg/ml. For in vivo study, HFD regime induced a significant increase of cholinesterase activity in brain by 17.4% as compared to normal rats. However, the administration of PSO, PL, PJ and PP to HDF-rats decreased cholinesterase activity in brain respectively by 15.48%, 6.4%, 20% and 18.7% as compared to untreated HFD-rats. Moreover, HFD regime caused significant increase in brain stress, brain and body weight, and lipid profile disorders in blood. Furthermore, PSO, PL, PJ and PP modulated lipid profile in blood and prevented accumulation of lipid in brain and body evidenced by the decrease of their weights as compared to untreated HFD-rats. In addition administration of these extract protected brain from stress oxidant, evidenced by the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Protein carbonylation (PC) levels and the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. These findings highlight the neuroprotective effects of pomegranate extracts and one of mechanisms is the inhibition of cholinesterase and the stimulation of antioxidant capacity.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pomegranate juice supplementation would blunt acute and delayed oxidative stress responses after a weightlifting training session. Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-Weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo or pomegranate juice supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session. Compared to the placebo condition, pomegranate juice supplementation attenuated the increase in malondialdehyde (−12.5%; p < 0.01) and enhanced the enzymatic (+8.6% for catalase and +6.8% for glutathione peroxidase; p < 0.05) and non-enzymatic (+12.6% for uric acid and +5.7% for total bilirubin; p < 0.01) antioxidant responses shortly (3 min) after completion of the training session. Additionally, during the 48 h recovery period, pomegranate juice supplementation accelerated (p < 0.05) the recovery kinetics of the malondialdehyde (5.6%) and the enzymatic antioxidant defenses compared to the placebo condition (9 to 10%). In conclusion, supplementation with pomegranate juice has the potential to attenuate oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant responses assessed acutely and up to 48 h following an intensive weightlifting training session. Therefore, elite weightlifters might benefit from blunted oxidative stress responses following intensive weightlifting sessions, which could have implications for recovery between training sessions.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intradialytic concurrent (resistance–endurance) training combined with melatonin (MEL) supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Thirty-two HD patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Exercise (EX)-MEL, EX-Placebo (PLA), and Control (C)-PLA. Participants in the EX-MEL and EX-PLA groups underwent 12 weeks of concurrent training. Before nocturnal sleep, they ingested either 3 mg of MEL (EX-MEL) or a placebo (EX-PLA and C-PLA). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention to assess lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidant biomarkers [ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol (THIOL)], total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), biomarkers of muscle and liver damage [aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Gamma-glutamyltransferase (Gamma-GT)], and inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Results: EX-MEL demonstrated a decrease in MDA (p < 0.05) and CRP (p < 0.05), and an increase in FRAP (p < 0.05) pre- and post-training. Both EX-MEL and EX-PLA showed an increase in GSH (p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively) and THIOL (p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively) pre- and post-training. No significant changes were observed in TBIL, UA, ASAT, ALAT, CK, LDH, or Gamma-GT pre- and post-training across all groups. Conclusion: Concurrent training combined with MEL supplementation enhances oxidant–antioxidant balance and reduces inflammation in HD patients more effectively than intradialytic concurrent training alone.

Psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizoaffective disorder (SAD), present significant diagnostic challenges. Current diagnostic methods rely on clinical observation and self-reported symptoms, leading to under-diagnosis and delayed treatment. To address this gap, we applied mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling and targeted analysis of inflammatory proteins to plasma samples from patients versus controls, aiming to uncover disease-related molecular patterns and enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of these complex disorders. This study included 26 patients with BD, 34 with SCZ, 16 with SAD, and age- and sex-matched controls. All diagnoses were established according to DSM-5 criteria. Unsupervised analysis shows a clear separation between controls and patients, indicating distinct metabolic and inflammatory profiles. However, the lack of clear differentiation among the three disease subgroups suggests shared biological profiles across these psychiatric disorders. Biomolecules driving this separation between controls and patients includes decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, amino acids, and glycerophospholipids, and increased levels of acylcarnitines. This study represents a step towards addressing the limitations of current diagnostic approaches to severe psychiatric disorders, which rely heavily on clinical symptoms, by using omics approaches to refine their diagnosis and treatment.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intradialytic concurrent (resistance-endurance) training combined with melatonin (MEL) supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Thirty-two hemodialysis (HD) patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Exercise (EX)-MEL, EX-Placebo (PLA), and Control (C)-PLA. Participants in the EX-MEL and EX-PLA groups underwent 12 weeks of concurrent training. Before nocturnal sleep, they ingested either 3 mg of MEL (EX-MEL) or a placebo (EX-PLA and C-PLA). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention to assess lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidant biomarkers [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol (THIOL)], total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), biomarkers of muscle and liver damage [aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Gamma-glutamyltransferase (Gamma-GT)], and inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Results: EX-MEL demonstrated a decrease of MDA (p<0.05) and CRP (p<0.05), and an increase of FRAP (p<0.05) pre- and post-training. Both EX-MEL and EX-PLA showed an increase in GSH (p<0.001, and p<0.05, respectively) and THIOL (p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively) pre- and post-training. No significant changes were observed in TBIL, UA, ASAT, ALAT, CK, LDH, and Gamma-GT pre- and post-training across all groups. Conclusion: Concurrent training combined with MEL supplementation enhances oxidant-antioxidant balance and reduces inflammation in HD patients more effectively than intradialytic concurrent training alone.