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Varun Kasaraneni
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gannon University, PA 16541, USA

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Journal article
Published: 16 June 2020 in Sustainability
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: This review evaluates Minoan and Indus Valley hydro-technologies in southeastern Greece and Indus Valley Pakistan, respectively. The Minoan civilization first inhabited Crete and several Aegean islands shortly after the Late Neolithic times and flourished during the Bronze Age (ca 3200–1100 BC). At that time, the Minoan civilization developed fundamental technologies and reached its pinnacle as the first and most important European culture. Concurrently, the Indus Valley civilization populated the eastern bank of the Indus River, its tributaries in Pakistan, and the Ganges plains in India and Nadia (Bangladesh), spreading over an area of about one million km2. Its total population was unknown; however, an estimated 43,000 people resided at Harappa. The urban hydro-technologies, characteristics of a civilization can be determined by two specific aspects, the natural and the social environment. These two aspects cover a variety of factors, such as climate and social conditions, type of terrain, water supply, agriculture, water logging, sanitation and sewerage, hygienic conditions of communities, and racial features of the population. Therefore, these factors were used to understand the water resources management practices in early civilizations (e.g., Minoan and Indus Valley) and similarities, despite the large geographic distance between places of origin. Also discussed are the basic principles and characteristics of water management sustainability in both civilizations and a comparison of basic water supply and sanitation practices through the long history of the two civilizations. Finally, sustainability issues and lessons learned are considered.

ACS Style

S. Khan; E. Dialynas; V. K. Kasaraneni; A. N. Angelakis. Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley Hydro-Technologies. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4897 .

AMA Style

S. Khan, E. Dialynas, V. K. Kasaraneni, A. N. Angelakis. Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley Hydro-Technologies. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):4897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Khan; E. Dialynas; V. K. Kasaraneni; A. N. Angelakis. 2020. "Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley Hydro-Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4897.

Journals
Published: 30 August 2017 in Environmental Science: Nano
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Engineered nanomaterials released from nano-enabled toners result in formation of high molecular weight PAHs.

ACS Style

Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot; Sandra V. Pirela; Laura Schifman; Varun Kasaraneni; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver; Dhimiter Bello; Vincent Castranova; Yong Qian; Treye Thomas; Ilias G. Kavouras; Philip Demokritou. Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol. Environmental Science: Nano 2017, 4, 2144 -2156.

AMA Style

Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot, Sandra V. Pirela, Laura Schifman, Varun Kasaraneni, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver, Dhimiter Bello, Vincent Castranova, Yong Qian, Treye Thomas, Ilias G. Kavouras, Philip Demokritou. Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol. Environmental Science: Nano. 2017; 4 (11):2144-2156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot; Sandra V. Pirela; Laura Schifman; Varun Kasaraneni; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver; Dhimiter Bello; Vincent Castranova; Yong Qian; Treye Thomas; Ilias G. Kavouras; Philip Demokritou. 2017. "Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol." Environmental Science: Nano 4, no. 11: 2144-2156.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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Exposure to high concentrations of carcinogenic pollutants in soils and sediments can result in increased health risks. Determining the levels and sources of contamination in developing communities is important for helping to reduce pollution and mitigate the risk of exposure. In the Mayan community of San Mateo Ixtatán, Guatemala, 24 samples of topsoil from urban, peri-urban, and agricultural sites and six samples of river sediment were collected and analyzed for 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sum of the concentrations of these PAHs at the urban and peri-urban sites ranged from 460 to 3251 μg kg (mean, 1401 μg kg), whereas at agricultural sites the range was 350 to 2087 μg kg (mean, 1038 μg kg). Analysis to identify and apportion the source showed that the PAHs emitted from wood stoves contributed 71 and 76% of the total PAHs in urban and agricultural areas soils, respectively. The calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk due to the ingestion of soil, dermal contact, and dietary intake through corn consumption was greater than the acceptable level of 10 established by the USEPA. Our findings suggest that the residents of rural communities can be at increased cancer risk despite little or no industrial activity in the local area. Alternate domestic fuel sources should be considered to reduce the health risk in local communities.

ACS Style

Varun K. Kasaraneni; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination in Soils of San Mateo Ixtatán, Guatemala: Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment. Journal of Environmental Quality 2016, 45, 1635 -1643.

AMA Style

Varun K. Kasaraneni, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination in Soils of San Mateo Ixtatán, Guatemala: Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2016; 45 (5):1635-1643.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Varun K. Kasaraneni; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. 2016. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination in Soils of San Mateo Ixtatán, Guatemala: Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment." Journal of Environmental Quality 45, no. 5: 1635-1643.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Water
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Non-point source pollution of stormwater contributes high contaminant loads into surface water bodies and poses a threat to the ecosystem, public health and economy. Although (pre)treatment standards have not been introduced at the federal level, Rhode Island (RI) has set minimal contaminant reduction standards for stormwater using structural best management practices (BMP). As BMP performance depends highly on geographical location and climate, and the Northeastern United States experiences broad ranges of temperatures throughout the year along with long intermittent periods between precipitation events, stormwater treatment can be challenging. In this field study, two tree filters were evaluated: a conventional unit (CTF) with sand/shale mix as filter media, and a modified tree filter (ITF) with an added layer of red cedar wood chips amended with 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride. Both BMPs were monitored for 346 days primarily for Escherichia coli and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Both tree filters met or outperformed RI’s standards for bacteria removal (60%) and TSS (85%), making them a good choice for BMP use in this climate. Total suspended solids, E. coli, PAHs, nitrate, and phosphate removal is higher in ITF. A controlled field scale tracer test using E. coli confirmed these results.

ACS Style

Laura A. Schifman; Varun K. Kasaraneni; Ryan K. Sullivan; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver; Thomas B. Boving. Bacteria Removal from Stormwater Runoff Using Tree Filters: A Comparison of a Conventional and an Innovative System. Water 2016, 8, 76 .

AMA Style

Laura A. Schifman, Varun K. Kasaraneni, Ryan K. Sullivan, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver, Thomas B. Boving. Bacteria Removal from Stormwater Runoff Using Tree Filters: A Comparison of a Conventional and an Innovative System. Water. 2016; 8 (3):76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura A. Schifman; Varun K. Kasaraneni; Ryan K. Sullivan; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver; Thomas B. Boving. 2016. "Bacteria Removal from Stormwater Runoff Using Tree Filters: A Comparison of a Conventional and an Innovative System." Water 8, no. 3: 76.

Research article
Published: 23 November 2015 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Nonpoint source pollution (NPS) such as stormwater runoff may introduce high loads of bacteria, impairing surface water bodies. The existing filter materials in stormwater best management practices (BMP) are typically not designed to inactivate bacteria. Herein, novel filtration media were extensively tested for microbial load reduction in stormwater runoff. Red cedar wood chips (RC) were amended with different loadings of either 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (TPA) or silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Under batch conditions at 25 °C, log10 removal values (LRV) up to 3.71 ± 0.38 (mean ± standard error) for TPA-RC and 2.25 ± 1.00 for AgNP-RC were achieved for Escherichia coli (E. coli), whereas unmodified RC achieved less than 0.5 LRV. Similar trends were observed at 17.5 °C, however at low temperature (10 °C) no statistically significant difference in E. coli inactivation between modified and unmodified RC was detected. Inactivation kinetic studies show that TPA-RC has higher inactivation rate constants compared to AgNP-RC. Under dynamic flow conditions a mass balance approach indicates that even after remobilization up to 99.8% of E. coli removal using 9 mg/g TPA-RC compared to 64.8% for unmodified RC. This study demonstrates that RC wood chips amended with antimicrobial compounds show promising applications as filtration material for the reduction of microbiological contamination load in stormwater runoff.

ACS Style

Laura A. Schifman; Varun K. Kasaraneni; Ryan K. Sullivan; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver; Thomas B. Boving. New Antimicrobially Amended Media for Improved Nonpoint Source Bacterial Pollution Treatment. Environmental Science & Technology 2015, 49, 14383 -14391.

AMA Style

Laura A. Schifman, Varun K. Kasaraneni, Ryan K. Sullivan, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver, Thomas B. Boving. New Antimicrobially Amended Media for Improved Nonpoint Source Bacterial Pollution Treatment. Environmental Science & Technology. 2015; 49 (24):14383-14391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura A. Schifman; Varun K. Kasaraneni; Ryan K. Sullivan; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver; Thomas B. Boving. 2015. "New Antimicrobially Amended Media for Improved Nonpoint Source Bacterial Pollution Treatment." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 24: 14383-14391.

Research article
Published: 17 June 2014 in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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The objective of this study was to develop and test nanoparticle- and polymer-based bioactive amended sorbents to enhance stormwater runoff treatment in best management practices (BMPs). Red cedar wood and expanded shale were the sorbents tested. Red cedar wood chips (RC) were modified with 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (TPA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different mass loadings (0.36 mg/g, 0.67 mg/g, and 0.93 mg/g for TPA and 0.33 mg/g and 0.68 mg/g for AgNPs) to simultaneously improve the sorption of organic and inorganic contaminants and pathogenic deactivation in BMPs treating stormwater runoff. Unmodified expanded shale is often used as a filter material for stormwater treatment and was used as a base comparison. The results showed that TPA and AgNPs loading onto red cedar increased the Langmuir maximum sorption coefficient (Q) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, up to 35 fold and 29 fold, respectively, compared to unmodified red cedar. In the case of heavy metals, Q for lead increased with increased loading of TPA and AgNPs, whereas no significant change in the Q value for cadmium was observed, while zinc and nickel sorption slightly decreased. The Langmuir maximum sorption coefficient of copper was higher for modified red cedar; however, no correlation was observed with TPA or AgNP loadings. The log reduction value (LRV) for Escherichia coli using unmodified red cedar was <1 log, while modified red cedar exhibited LRV up to 2.90 ± 0.50 log for 0.67 mg/g TPA-RC and up to 2.10 ± 0.90 log for 0.68 mg/g AgNP-RC. Although AgNP-modified red cedar shows a comparable performance to TPA-RC, the high cost of production may limit the use of AgNP-amended materials. While TPA-modified red cedar has advantages of lower cost and lower toxicity, the fate, transport, and environmental implications of TPA in natural environments has not been fully evaluated. The findings from this study show that if BMPs were to incorporate the modified red cedar, stormwater treatment of PAH and E. coli could be enhanced, and the quality of the treated water will improve.

ACS Style

Varun K. Kasaraneni; Laura A. Schifman; Thomas B. Boving; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. Enhancement of Surface Runoff Quality Using Modified Sorbents. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2014, 2, 1609 -1615.

AMA Style

Varun K. Kasaraneni, Laura A. Schifman, Thomas B. Boving, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. Enhancement of Surface Runoff Quality Using Modified Sorbents. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2014; 2 (7):1609-1615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Varun K. Kasaraneni; Laura A. Schifman; Thomas B. Boving; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. 2014. "Enhancement of Surface Runoff Quality Using Modified Sorbents." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2, no. 7: 1609-1615.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2013 in Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
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A methodology to enhance the containment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pervious pavement systems was developed through the chemical modification of a typical Rhode Island glacial outwash soil. In addition, the PAH‐retaining capacity of different structural components of pervious pavements was evaluated using column experiments in terms of PAH retention. Two methods were used for soil amendments. The first method was a direct modification of the porous matrix using quaternary ammonium cations through an ion exchange process. The second method involved blending the soil with a commercial organoclay (PM‐199; CETCO Oil Field Services). These amendments successfully increased the soil's fraction of organic carbon (foc) by at least 70%. To quantify the efficiency of these amended soils to sorb PAHs, a series of batch isotherms and column experiments were conducted on unmodified and modified soils. These studies demonstrated that, through the synthetic modification, the sorption of PAH was increased by up to 20‐fold. The Langmuir (α, β) and Freundlich (KF, n) isotherm coefficients calculated from batch studies were higher when compared with column experiments. Overall, the organoclay‐glacial outwash blend exhibited the greatest KF value of 114.2. Breakthrough curves obtained using HYDRUS 1D were compared with measured data. The column experiments conducted on porous concrete and aggregate demonstrated that these materials have a minimal contribution to the overall containment of PAH in pervious pavement systems. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 47–54, 2014

ACS Style

Varun Kasaraneni; Steven E. Kohm; Dylan Eberle; Thomas Boving; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. Enhanced containment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through organic modification of soils. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 2013, 33, 47 -54.

AMA Style

Varun Kasaraneni, Steven E. Kohm, Dylan Eberle, Thomas Boving, Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. Enhanced containment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through organic modification of soils. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2013; 33 (1):47-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Varun Kasaraneni; Steven E. Kohm; Dylan Eberle; Thomas Boving; Vinka Oyanedel-Craver. 2013. "Enhanced containment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through organic modification of soils." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 33, no. 1: 47-54.