This study aimed to evaluate the readability, reliability, and quality of responses by 4 selected artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language model (LLM) chatbots to questions related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This was a cross-sectional study. Responses to the 100 most frequently asked questions about CPR by 4 selected chatbots (ChatGPT-3.5 [Open AI], Google Bard [Google AI], Google Gemini [Google AI], and Perplexity [Perplexity AI]) were analyzed for readability, reliability, and quality. The chatbots were asked the following question: “What are the 100 most frequently asked questions about cardio pulmonary resuscitation?” in English. Each of the 100 queries derived from the responses was individually posed to the 4 chatbots. The 400 responses or patient education materials (PEM) from the chatbots were assessed for quality and reliability using the modified DISCERN Questionnaire, Journal of the American Medical Association and Global Quality Score. Readability assessment utilized 2 different calculators, which computed readability scores independently using metrics such as Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Gunning Fog Readability and Automated Readability Index. Analyzed 100 responses from each of the 4 chatbots. When the readability values of the median results obtained from Calculators 1 and 2 were compared with the 6th-grade reading level, there was a highly significant difference between the groups (P < .001). Compared to all formulas, the readability level of the responses was above 6^th grade. It can be seen that the order of readability from easy to difficult is Bard, Perplexity, Gemini, and ChatGPT-3.5. The readability of the text content provided by all 4 chatbots was found to be above the 6th-grade level. We believe that enhancing the quality, reliability, and readability of PEMs will lead to easier understanding by readers and more accurate performance of CPR. So, patients who receive bystander CPR may experience an increased likelihood of survival.

Purpose. To evaluate the predictive effect of IMA in incarcerated hernias.Methods. Three groups () of rats were operated. Group I aimed to mimic incarceration, group II aimed the strangulation, and group III was the sham group. IMA and LDH measurements were made.Results. IMA levels were significantly higher in strangulation mimicking group and IMA levels were normal at postoperative 6th hour in incarceration mimicking group. LDH levels were significantly higher in both incarceration and strangulation mimicking groups.Conclusion. IMA seems to be an effective marker in incarcerated hernias to predict necrosis. But we need further studies to generalise this hypothesis.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the frequency of postoperative kidney injury, the related factors, and its effect on outcomes in major orthopedic surgery cases treated in the postanesthesia intensive care unit (PACU). Methods: Major orthopedic surgery cases treated in the PACU were included in this study retrospectively. Demographic, operation, and anesthesia characteristics, CCI, ASA risk classes, preoperative biochemistry, and hemogram results of the patients were recorded. Postoperative serum creatinine level, urine output, renal replacement therapy requirement, and hemoglobin levels were recorded. The kidney damage of the patients was evaluated with RIFLE and AKIN criteria. Postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The frequency of kidney injury in the early postoperative period was 7.1%. When only arthroplasty cases were taken, the frequency was 11%. It was determined that there was a correlation between preoperative ASA, CCI, BMI, K levels, lactate levels, and postoperative kidney damage (P <0.05). It was determined that the frequency and duration of inotropic use, the frequency and duration of noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and the duration of hospitalization increased in patients with postoperative kidney damage, and the frequency of pneumonia, wound infection, atelectasis, sepsis, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation and mortality increased in the postoperative period (P <0.05). Conclusion: There is a need for further studies on the relationship between ASA, CCI, BMI, K, and lactate values and postoperative kidney damage. Postoperative kidney injury is associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity and mortality. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic Study Cite this article as: Hancı V, Özbilgin Ş, Başçı O, Ömür D, Boztaş N. Acute kidney injury after major orthopedic surgery: A retrospective study of frequency and related risk factors. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2022;56(4):289-295.

Objective Ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an early marker for various ischaemic events, including cardiac ischaemia. This study determined variations in IMA levels during caesarean section, performed under general anaesthesia or with combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. Methods Full-term, healthy pregnant women were allocated to undergo caesarean section, using either general anaesthesia or combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. IMA and albumin levels were measured in maternal serum samples taken immediately prior to caesarean section and 30 min into the procedure, as well as from serum taken from cord blood after double clamping. Results At total of 51 healthy pregnant women underwent either general anaesthesia (n = 28) or combined spinal epidural anaesthesia (n = 23). Within-group analysis of the general anaesthesia group showed that both IMA levels and IMA/albumin ratios were significantly higher at 30 min of surgery compared with the immediate preoperative period. Conclusions Lower IMA levels in the combined spinal epidural anaesthesia group may have been due to improved balancing of oxidative stress during caesarean section. Further research on IMA levels during caesarean section should take into account the method of anaesthesia used.

The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in varicocelectomy

Altmetrics is a web-based measurement method that assesses the online dissemination and interactions of an article. We performed an altmetric analysis of 500 papers with the highest altmetric attention score (AAS) published in anesthesiology-related journals. Journals were identified from the Web of Science (WoS) Master Journal List by Clarivate using the category “Anesthesiology.” The altmetric data were obtained from the Altmetric Explorer database. The first 500 publications with the highest AAS scores among these journals were identified and analyzed. Using Spearman correlation, no correlation was observed between the AAS and either WoS or Google Scholar citations (R = 0.188, P < .001 and R = 0.161, P < .001, respectively). There was a weak correlation between blog mentions and both WoS citations and Google Scholar citations (R = 0.263, P < .001 and (R = 0.241, P < .001). A very strong correlation was observed between the number of Mendeley readers and both WoS and Google Scholar citations (R = 0.889, P < .001 and R = 0.905, P < .001). A significant difference in AAS and WoS citations was observed based on publication topic (P = .036 and P = .005, respectively), with algology being the most common topic (n = 206, 41.2%). Although AAS did not significantly affect traditional scientific citations, the analysis of subgroup correlations revealed notable differences. Our results suggest that traditional scientific citations (WoS and Google Scholar citations) are strongly influenced by the number of Mendeley readers. Further research is needed to understand these dynamics in academic discourse.