Purpose. To evaluate the predictive effect of IMA in incarcerated hernias.Methods. Three groups () of rats were operated. Group I aimed to mimic incarceration, group II aimed the strangulation, and group III was the sham group. IMA and LDH measurements were made.Results. IMA levels were significantly higher in strangulation mimicking group and IMA levels were normal at postoperative 6th hour in incarceration mimicking group. LDH levels were significantly higher in both incarceration and strangulation mimicking groups.Conclusion. IMA seems to be an effective marker in incarcerated hernias to predict necrosis. But we need further studies to generalise this hypothesis.

Multiple breast cancers may present with different clinical and biological characteristics. The data indicate that multifocal (MF), multicentric (MC), and bilateral synchronous (BS) breast cancers (BC) are more aggressive and have an equivalent or moderately poorer survival rate compared with unilateral cases. However, a comparison of these multiple breast cancers has not been covered in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the histopathological characteristics of patients suffering from MF, MC, and BS breast carcinoma and to compare their prognoses. Retrospective data for MF, MC, and BS breast carcinoma patients treated in five different breast cancer units in Turkey between 2003 and 2012 were collected. MF and MC cancers were defined as more than one lesion in the same quadrant or in separate quadrants, respectively. There were 507 patients (271 MF, 147 MC, and 89 BS) treated in this time period. BS breast carcinoma patients were younger than the other groups (44.83 ± 9.6, 47.27 ± 11.6, and 51.11 ± 11.8 years for BS, MF, and MC breast carcinoma patients, respectively). MFBC and MCBC patients in this study were younger than the ages reported in Western literature, but this result was similar to the ages reported in Eastern literature. The five-year survival rates and recurrence rates were not statistically different among groups (P = 0.996 and P = 0.263, respectively). According to univariate analyses, tumor size, histological grade, and lymph node status were statistically significant factors that affected survival. However, only lymph node involvement was significant for survival according to multivariate analyses. The clinical significance of MF, MC, and BS breast cancers is still unclear and their influence on prognosis is controversial. Disease-free and overall survival rates of BS breast cancers might be similar to MF and MC breast cancers.

INTRODUCTION: Mondor's disease (MD) of the breast is a rare condition at breast clinics. We do not have enough data to establish its real prevalence. As a known data, most of the patients that were admitted to breast clinics are not breast cancer. Also MD is a rare entity and diagnosing this entity and informing the patient about it is very important. We present here this case to remind breast clinic practitioners that MD can be seen without trauma (neither surgical nor physical). Also clinical and radiological findings and the treatmentof the MD were discussed. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 35 year old woman was admitted our clinic with cutaneous breast retraction. She had no risk for thrombosis else using oral contraceptives. Mondor's Disease was diagnosed and supported by radiological findings. Rheumatologic and hematologic causes were also explored. Patient healed in four weeks only with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. DISCUSSION: Mondor's Disease is rarely related with breast cancer. This rare entity can be diagnosed with doubt and patient should be informed about it. Anti-coagulant treatment does not required if disease is idiopathic. CONCLUSION: Mondor's Disease should be reminded at a patient with retracted breast skin.

Breast cancer awareness month increases public awareness in association with increased rates of screening and new diagnoses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breast cancer awareness month on primary diagnosis of breast cancer. Asymptomatic women with the intention of breast cancer screening were included. The non-BCAM (Breast cancer awareness month) group were screened from February to September 2016 and the BCAM group during October 2016. Ultrasound and mammography were performed in all women and in those aged ≥ 40 years, respectively. A BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting And Data Systems) score of ≥4 and solid palpable masses without features suggestive of malignancy and/or the physician’s preference were regarded as indications for histopathological analysis. Requirement for histopathological analysis and detection of breast cancer were identified as the main variables. There were 198 women with a mean age of 49.3 ± 9.5 years. Sixty-nine and 129 women were in the non-BCAM and BCAM groups, respectively. Percutaneous biopsy was performed in seven (10.1%) and three patients (2.3%) in the non-BCAM and BCAM groups, respectively (P = 0.035). Pathological examinations were benign. Although public awareness campaigns lead to increased rates of screening, they may lose their impact on detecting breast cancer because of widespread use of routine screening programs.

Objective: To compare urinary iodine excretion levels in patients with breast cancer and control subjects. Methods: In this prospective pilot study, patients with breast cancer and normal controls were recruited. Age and menopausal status were recorded. Levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and urine iodine concentration (UIC) were measured. UIC levels were divided into three categories: low (200 µg/l). Results: A total of 24 patients with breast cancer and 48 controls were included in the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to thyroid-stimulating hormone, blood urea nitrogen or creatinine levels. When considered overall, there was no statistical difference in UIC between patients and controls. However, comparisons within each category (low, normal or high UIC) showed a significantly higher percentage of patients with breast cancer had a high UIC compared with controls. Conclusions: A high UIC was seen in a significantly higher percentage of patients with breast cancer than controls. UIC may have a role as a marker for breast cancer screening. Further studies evaluating UIC and iodine utilization in patients with breast cancer are warranted.