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Chun Xia
Energy, Climate and Transport Policy Division, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Energies
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The expansion of photovoltaics in German cities has so far fallen short of expectations. The concept of ‘tenant electricity’ (‘Mieterstrom’ in German), in which tenants of a building are supplied with solar power produced on site, offers great potential here. A study on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy estimated the number of tenant households with good conditions for solar tenant electricity at 3.8 million. At the same time, the federal tenant electricity promotion scheme has been in place since 2017, but only about 1% of the annual budget has been claimed. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers for and drivers of diffusion of the tenant electricity model. To this end, a qualitative document analysis and a range of semi-structured expert interviews have been conducted. The theoretical framework used to guide the analysis is the multi-level perspective. The main barrier found for tenant electricity diffusion is the legal framework on the regime level, which also leads to high transaction costs of implementing tenant electricity. A social barrier is the inertia of some residents to actively concern themselves with their electricity supply and switch to a tenant electricity contract. Among its drivers are long-term trends such as the increasing electricity demand in urban areas, technical developments like blockchain technology and the increasing deployment of smart meters, and the EU Renewable Energy Directive. As long as the restrictive legal framework prevails, the further diffusion of tenant electricity will remain limited.

ACS Style

Raphael Moser; Chun Xia-Bauer; Johannes Thema; Florin Vondung. Solar Prosumers in the German Energy Transition: A Multi-Level Perspective Analysis of the German ‘Mieterstrom’ Model . Energies 2021, 14, 1188 .

AMA Style

Raphael Moser, Chun Xia-Bauer, Johannes Thema, Florin Vondung. Solar Prosumers in the German Energy Transition: A Multi-Level Perspective Analysis of the German ‘Mieterstrom’ Model . Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raphael Moser; Chun Xia-Bauer; Johannes Thema; Florin Vondung. 2021. "Solar Prosumers in the German Energy Transition: A Multi-Level Perspective Analysis of the German ‘Mieterstrom’ Model ." Energies 14, no. 4: 1188.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Energies
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China’s regular energy statistics does not include the building sector, and data on building energy demand is included in other types of energy consumption in the Energy Balance Sheet (EBS). Therefore data on building energy demand is not collected based on statistics, but rather calculated or estimated by various approaches in China. This study aims at developing and testing China’s building energy statistics by applying an adapted EBS. The advantage of the adapted EBS is that statistical data is from the regular statistical system and no additional statistical efforts are needed. The research result shows that the adapted EBS can be included in China regular energy statistical system and can be standardized in a transparent way. Testing of the adapted EBS shows that China’s building energy demand has shown an annual increase of 7.6% since 2001, and a lower contribution to the total energy demand as compared to the developed world. There is also a close link to lifestyle and living standard while industrial energy demand is mainly driven by economy and decoupling of building energy demand with increasing of building floor area, this is due to a considerable improvement of building energy efficiency. The adapted EBS creates a method for China conducting statistics of building energy consumption at the sector level in a uniform way and serves as the basis for any sound building energy efficiency policy decisions.

ACS Style

Mingshun Zhang; Xuan Ge; Ya Zhao; Chun Xia-Bauer. Creating Statistics for China’s Building Energy Consumption Using an Adapted Energy Balance Sheet. Energies 2019, 12, 4293 .

AMA Style

Mingshun Zhang, Xuan Ge, Ya Zhao, Chun Xia-Bauer. Creating Statistics for China’s Building Energy Consumption Using an Adapted Energy Balance Sheet. Energies. 2019; 12 (22):4293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mingshun Zhang; Xuan Ge; Ya Zhao; Chun Xia-Bauer. 2019. "Creating Statistics for China’s Building Energy Consumption Using an Adapted Energy Balance Sheet." Energies 12, no. 22: 4293.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2013 in Sustainability
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The Low Carbon Future Cities (LCFC) project aims at facing a three dimensional challenge by developing an integrated city roadmap balancing: low carbon development, gains in resource efficiency and adaptation to climate change. The paper gives an overview of the first outcomes of the analysis of the status quo and assessment of the most likely developments regarding GHG emissions, climate impacts and resource use in Wuxi—the Chinese pilot city for the LCFC project. As a first step, a detailed emission inventory following the IPCC guidelines for Wuxi has been carried out. In a second step, the future development of energy demand and related CO2 emissions in 2050 were simulated in a current policy scenario (CPS). In parallel, selected aspects of material and water flows for the energy and the building sector were analyzed and modeled. In addition, recent and future climate impacts and vulnerability were investigated. Based on these findings, nine key sectors with high relevance to the three dimensions could be identified. Although Wuxi’s government has started a path to implement a low carbon plan, the first results show that, for the shift towards a sustainable low carbon development, more ambitious steps need to be taken in order to overcome the challenges faced.

ACS Style

Carmen Dienst; Clemens Schneider; Chun Xia; Mathieu Saurat; Thomas Fischer; Daniel Vallentin. On Track to Become a Low Carbon Future City? First Findings of the Integrated Status Quo and Trends Assessment of the Pilot City of Wuxi in China. Sustainability 2013, 5, 3224 -3243.

AMA Style

Carmen Dienst, Clemens Schneider, Chun Xia, Mathieu Saurat, Thomas Fischer, Daniel Vallentin. On Track to Become a Low Carbon Future City? First Findings of the Integrated Status Quo and Trends Assessment of the Pilot City of Wuxi in China. Sustainability. 2013; 5 (8):3224-3243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen Dienst; Clemens Schneider; Chun Xia; Mathieu Saurat; Thomas Fischer; Daniel Vallentin. 2013. "On Track to Become a Low Carbon Future City? First Findings of the Integrated Status Quo and Trends Assessment of the Pilot City of Wuxi in China." Sustainability 5, no. 8: 3224-3243.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2012 in Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions
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This study aims to investigate whether, to what extent and how a transition toward integrated flood management has taken place in the Dongting Lake area at the middle Yangtze. Accordingly, we conducted a longitudinal research of its flood management (1949–2009). We developed an analytical framework linking regime components to two societal learning types (double and triple-loop learning) that are key to a regime transition. Our study shows that the transition toward integrated flood management has already started, but the whole regime transformation will still take time to complete, due to, for example, the not-yet-ready decision-making processes that shape the structure changes as well as the incompatibilities between what is on paper and real implementation. To understand how the regime transition took place, we investigated where and how triple-loop learning was initiated as well as how so-called “informal learning processes” has contributed to the transition of Dongting flood management.

ACS Style

Chun Xia; Claudia Pahl-Wostl. Understanding the development of flood management in the middle Yangtze River. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 2012, 5, 60 -75.

AMA Style

Chun Xia, Claudia Pahl-Wostl. Understanding the development of flood management in the middle Yangtze River. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 2012; 5 ():60-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun Xia; Claudia Pahl-Wostl. 2012. "Understanding the development of flood management in the middle Yangtze River." Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 5, no. : 60-75.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2012 in Water Resources Management
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For decades, the Chinese government has been searching for solutions to cope with the increasing imbalance between the supply and demand of water in the Yellow River Basin. This paper aims at a better understanding of the development of the water allocation regime in the Yellow River Basin between 1950 and 2009, introducing a fresh perspective based on the notion of “regime transition”. Accordingly, we investigated 1) whether so-called “Windows of Opportunity for Transition (WOPTs)” emerged, triggering a transition, and whether WOPT(s) resulted in a stable transition towards the new regime; 2) how informal learning processes and epistemic communities have contributed to the regime change. We adapted Kingdon’s “multiple stream model” and identified four WOPTs from the 1950s, analyzing the reconfiguration process of the regime after the onset of the transition. Our examples of two types of informal learning processes demonstrate their contribution to the creation of WOPTs and the reconfiguration of the regime. Furthermore, this study indicates, in a qualitative manner, how epistemic communities contribute to the knowledge base of the regime, and thus to its development. Finally, we have provided a general insight into the further development of the water allocation regime and highlighted potential avenues for further studies.

ACS Style

Chun Xia; Claudia Pahl-Wostl. The Development of Water Allocation Management in The Yellow River Basin. Water Resources Management 2012, 26, 3395 -3414.

AMA Style

Chun Xia, Claudia Pahl-Wostl. The Development of Water Allocation Management in The Yellow River Basin. Water Resources Management. 2012; 26 (12):3395-3414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun Xia; Claudia Pahl-Wostl. 2012. "The Development of Water Allocation Management in The Yellow River Basin." Water Resources Management 26, no. 12: 3395-3414.