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This paper presents an energy performance assessment on an educational building in Barranquilla, Colombia. The electricity consumption performance was assessed using the software DesignBuilder for two different Air Conditioning (AC) systems. The current electricity intensity is 215.3 kWh/m2-year and centralized AC systems with individual fan coils and a water chiller share 66% of the total consumption and lighting at 16%. The simulation of the AC technology change to Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) resulted in an improvement of 38% in AC energy intensity with 88 kWh/m2-year and significant savings in electricity consumption and life-cycle cost of AC systems in buildings.
Milen Balbis-Morejón; Juan Cabello-Eras; Javier Rey-Hernández; Francisco Rey-Martínez. Energy Evaluation and Energy Savings Analysis with the 2 Selection of AC Systems in an Educational Building. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7527 .
AMA StyleMilen Balbis-Morejón, Juan Cabello-Eras, Javier Rey-Hernández, Francisco Rey-Martínez. Energy Evaluation and Energy Savings Analysis with the 2 Selection of AC Systems in an Educational Building. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilen Balbis-Morejón; Juan Cabello-Eras; Javier Rey-Hernández; Francisco Rey-Martínez. 2021. "Energy Evaluation and Energy Savings Analysis with the 2 Selection of AC Systems in an Educational Building." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7527.
This paper investigates the relationship between the actual thermal comfort levels measured according to EN 16798-1 standard and the expected thermal comfort of attendees in five parish churches throughout 2018. This is carried out through statistical analysis of qualitative research based on questionnaire responses from church goers and quantitative research based on indoor measured data. This investigation includes the gathering of scientific data relating to temperature and relative humidity together with statistical data through thermal sensation surveys (TSSs). Thus, this study provides first-hand information about occupants’ diversities of thermal sensations and dynamic behaviour adaptations to the intricate environment within churches. Results determine that a significant correlation exists between the actual thermal comfort levels measured according to EN 16798-1 standard and the expected thermal comfort perceived by the church attendees in most of the parish churches under review. Analysis of the sources of discomfort and suggestions made by the occupants revealed that passive design measures contribute towards improved indoor thermal conditions, reduced energy demand and lower carbon emissions. This information provides assurance for optimised decision-making methods, used to generate accurate solutions for policy-makers, architects and engineers, with an understanding of practical applications of passive measures for places of worship. Moreover, the paper provides insight on indoor comfort levels in places of worship within a Mediterranean context, which is insufficiently addressed by scholars at a global level.
Robert Vella; Francisco Martinez; Charles Yousif; Liberato Camilleri. Thermal Comfort in Places of Worship within a Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7233 .
AMA StyleRobert Vella, Francisco Martinez, Charles Yousif, Liberato Camilleri. Thermal Comfort in Places of Worship within a Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Vella; Francisco Martinez; Charles Yousif; Liberato Camilleri. 2021. "Thermal Comfort in Places of Worship within a Mediterranean Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7233.
The selection of the most suitable HVAC technology for buildings, is a complex challenge. Many factors such as, the features of the building, climatic conditions, energy consumption, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), thermal comfort, regulations, aspects, economic and environmental aspects, all of which are shown on a local and national scope. There is no standard methodology that guarantees a single criterion for the selection of HVAC systems. Therefore, in its solution, as in almost all decision-making problems in the field of engineering, two different aspects are considered, theoretical and practical (Moreno, 2002) [1], thus forming a typical multi-criteria decision problem. This study proposes an integral performance indicator for the selection of air conditioning systems (ACPI), based on the multicriteria method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in order to choose the best HVAC system variant, based on its classification by integrating energy, environmental, and economic criteria. For the definition of the criteria, studies on HVAC system selection were reviewed and classified, applying multi-criteria on methods. The criteria were weighted based on surveys issued by a team made up of Professors/Researchers, architects, engineers, installers and managers linked to the HVAC sector. The ACPI model obtained, shows that the highest weighting corresponds to building energy consumption index 26.6%, IAQ 20.6%, thermal comfort 18.6%, CO2 emissions 12.1%, and finally, investment costs, operation and maintenance costs 11.6% and 10.3% respectively. The proposed ACPI, together with its analysis methodology, will allow researchers, architects, engineers, and government administration, to consider a wide range of alternative HVAC systems applied in buildings. With this, it will be possible to select them based on a decision-making model with a reliable source of information.
Milen Balbis-Morejón; Juan José Cabello-Eras; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. Global Air Conditioning Performance Indicator (ACPI) for buildings, in tropical climate. Building and Environment 2021, 203, 108071 .
AMA StyleMilen Balbis-Morejón, Juan José Cabello-Eras, Javier M. Rey-Hernández, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. Global Air Conditioning Performance Indicator (ACPI) for buildings, in tropical climate. Building and Environment. 2021; 203 ():108071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilen Balbis-Morejón; Juan José Cabello-Eras; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. 2021. "Global Air Conditioning Performance Indicator (ACPI) for buildings, in tropical climate." Building and Environment 203, no. : 108071.
The challenge of photovoltaic integration as the basis of an energy generation system has been achieved and carried out by the University Autónoma de Cali, Colombia, using an avant-garde energy technology model. This innovative sustainable campus not only fulfills its purpose as an advanced model of a renewable energy integration system, it also aims at environmental research, e-mobility, and energy efficiency. This paper describes how the university implements the technological innovation of integrating the photovoltaic system installation in a university campus, showing its relevant contribution to the electricity generation in the campus buildings by analyzing the different electrical parameters together with the system performance indicators. The implementation of technological solutions has allowed the generation of a quantity of renewable energy within the campus, supplying a sustainable energy response based on energy efficiency and carbon emissions savings. This innovation has been applied following the international standards for the evaluation of the energy performance of photovoltaic systems (IEC 61724), reaching very optimal values for this type of renewable solution. In this paper, the dynamic monitoring of several parameters has been carried out in order to analyze the energy performance, and an energy simulation has been used to achieve optimal solutions and to obtain the perfect modeling of the system. This study shows how to evaluate the performance of an integration of a photovoltaic system in a smart university campus, according to international standards. It achieves complete viability due to its economic savings, energy efficiency and reduction of carbon emission.
Rosaura Castrillón-Mendoza; Paul Andrés Manrique-Castillo; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez; Gabriel González-Palomino. PV Energy Performance in a Sustainable Campus. Electronics 2020, 9, 1874 .
AMA StyleRosaura Castrillón-Mendoza, Paul Andrés Manrique-Castillo, Javier M. Rey-Hernández, Francisco J. Rey-Martínez, Gabriel González-Palomino. PV Energy Performance in a Sustainable Campus. Electronics. 2020; 9 (11):1874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosaura Castrillón-Mendoza; Paul Andrés Manrique-Castillo; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez; Gabriel González-Palomino. 2020. "PV Energy Performance in a Sustainable Campus." Electronics 9, no. 11: 1874.
This study presents the evaluation of the performance and acceptability of thermal comfort by students in the classrooms of a university building with minisplit-type air-conditioning systems, in a tropical climate. To carry out the study, temperature and humidity measurements were recorded, both outside and inside the selected classrooms, while the students were asked to complete thermal surveys on site. The survey model is based on the template proposed by Fanger and it was applied to a total number of 584 students. In each classroom, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) were estimated according to Fanger’s methodology, as well as the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and the Actual Percentage Dissatisfied (APD), which were obtained from the measurements and the surveys. The results of this study showed that the PMV values, although they may vary with the insulation of the clothing, do not affect the TSV. Furthermore, comparing PMV vs. TSV scores, a 2 °C to 3 °C difference in operating temperature was found, whereby the thermal sensitivity for TSV was colder, so it could be assumed that the PMV model overestimates the thermal sensitivity of students in low-temperature conditions. In addition, an acceptability by 90% with thermal preferences between 23 °C and 24 °C were also found. These results indicate that it is possible to increase the temperature set point in minisplit-type air-conditioning system from 4 °C to 7 °C with respect to the currently set temperatures, without affecting the acceptability of the thermal environment to the students in the building.
Milen Balbis-Morejón; Javier Rey-Hernández; Carlos Amaris-Castilla; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Julio San José-Alonso; Francisco Rey-Martínez. Experimental Study and Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a University Campus Building in Tropical Climate. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8886 .
AMA StyleMilen Balbis-Morejón, Javier Rey-Hernández, Carlos Amaris-Castilla, Eloy Velasco-Gómez, Julio San José-Alonso, Francisco Rey-Martínez. Experimental Study and Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a University Campus Building in Tropical Climate. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilen Balbis-Morejón; Javier Rey-Hernández; Carlos Amaris-Castilla; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Julio San José-Alonso; Francisco Rey-Martínez. 2020. "Experimental Study and Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a University Campus Building in Tropical Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8886.
In this research paper, an analysis is developed on the performance of a hybrid ventilation system that combines Earth-to-Air Heat eXchangers (EAHX), free cooling and evaporative cooling Air Handling Unit Heat eXchanger (AHU-HX), all being controlled by a Building Management System (BMS) in a net Zero Energy Building (nZEB), called LUCIA. LUCIA nZEB is the first safe-building against Covid-19 in the world, certified by the international organisation WOSHIE, and located in Valladolid, Spain. The main aim is to optimize the performance of the three systems in such a way that the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) levels remain within the allowable limits, while maximizing the use of natural resources and minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions. The approach to satisfy the heating and cooling demand and IAQ levels through zero emissions energy systems is developed, thus anticipating the zero-energy target, set by the European Union for 2050. Results showed that the installed hybrid ventilation system uses heat exchangers for 70% of the operational time, in order to achieve the set parameters successfully. Also, the analysis made by monitoring data, have shown that the control and optimal operation of the hybrid ventilation system allows high energy recovery values with minimum additional electricity consumption. Significant reduction of carbon emissions and operational costs have been achieved.
Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Julio F. San José-Alonso; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Charles Yousif; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. Performance analysis of a hybrid ventilation system in a near zero energy building. Building and Environment 2020, 185, 107265 -107265.
AMA StyleJavier M. Rey-Hernández, Julio F. San José-Alonso, Eloy Velasco-Gómez, Charles Yousif, Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. Performance analysis of a hybrid ventilation system in a near zero energy building. Building and Environment. 2020; 185 ():107265-107265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier M. Rey-Hernández; Julio F. San José-Alonso; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Charles Yousif; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. 2020. "Performance analysis of a hybrid ventilation system in a near zero energy building." Building and Environment 185, no. : 107265-107265.
Direct evaporative coolers are energy-efficient, economic solutions to supplying cooling demand for space conditioning. Since their potential strongly depends on air hygrothermal conditions, they are traditionally used in dry and hot climates, though they can be used in many applications and climates. This work proposes a new direct evaporative cooling system with a fabric-based pad. Its design enables maximum wetted surface with minimum pressure drop. Its performance has been experimentally characterized in terms of saturation efficiency, air humidification, pressure drop, and level of particles, based on a full factorial Design of Experiments. Factors studied are air dry bulb temperature, specific humidity, and airflow. Saturation efficiencies obtained for a 25 cm pad are above the values achieved by other alternative evaporative cooling (EC) pads proposed in the literature, with lower pressure drops.
Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Ana Tejero-González; Javier Jorge-Rico; F. Rey-Martínez. Experimental Investigation of the Potential of a New Fabric-Based Evaporative Cooling Pad. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7070 .
AMA StyleEloy Velasco-Gómez, Ana Tejero-González, Javier Jorge-Rico, F. Rey-Martínez. Experimental Investigation of the Potential of a New Fabric-Based Evaporative Cooling Pad. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7070.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEloy Velasco-Gómez; Ana Tejero-González; Javier Jorge-Rico; F. Rey-Martínez. 2020. "Experimental Investigation of the Potential of a New Fabric-Based Evaporative Cooling Pad." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7070.
The high energy consumption of cooling systems justifies the need for strategies to increase the efficiency of the facilities, in order to reduce the related CO2 emissions. This study aims to improve the performance and reduce the energy consumption of an 8.6 MW air cooled chiller. This installed capacity is biased due to the screw compressors, of 2.98 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) at full load (characteristics provided by the manufacturer). The chiller unit has been modified by placing evaporating cooling pads before the condensing coils. The chiller has been monitored for three months, recording over 544,322 measurements (5 min-step data), with and without the evaporative cooling pads, to assess the performance. Data comparison has been done by selecting two days (with and without evaporative panels) with the same health care load and temperatures. Implementing the proposed strategy yields an improvement in the European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ESEER) from 3.69 to 4.83, while the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) decreases about 1000 tCO2. Energy savings of up to 32.6 MWh result into a payback period lower than 2 years.
Francisco J. Rey Martínez; Julio F. San José Alonso; Eloy Velasco Gómez; Ana Tejero González; Paula M Esquivias; Javier M. Rey Hernández. Energy Consumption Reduction of a Chiller Plant by Adding Evaporative Pads to Decrease Condensation Temperature. Energies 2020, 13, 2218 .
AMA StyleFrancisco J. Rey Martínez, Julio F. San José Alonso, Eloy Velasco Gómez, Ana Tejero González, Paula M Esquivias, Javier M. Rey Hernández. Energy Consumption Reduction of a Chiller Plant by Adding Evaporative Pads to Decrease Condensation Temperature. Energies. 2020; 13 (9):2218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco J. Rey Martínez; Julio F. San José Alonso; Eloy Velasco Gómez; Ana Tejero González; Paula M Esquivias; Javier M. Rey Hernández. 2020. "Energy Consumption Reduction of a Chiller Plant by Adding Evaporative Pads to Decrease Condensation Temperature." Energies 13, no. 9: 2218.
The main target of climate change policies in the majority of industrialized countries is to reduce energy consumption in their facilities, which would reduce the carbon emissions that are generated. Through this idea, energy management plans are developed, energy reduction targets are established, and energy-efficient technologies are applied to achieve high energy savings, which are environmentally compatible. In order to evaluate the impact of their operations and investments, companies promote measures of performance in their energy management plans. An integral part of measuring energy performance is the establishment of energy baselines applicable to the complete facility that provide a basis for evaluating energy efficiency improvements and incorporating energy performance indicators. The implementation of energy management systems in accordance with the requirements of ISO Standard 50001 is a contribution to the aim and strategies for improving cleaner production in industries. This involves an option for the industry to establish energy benchmarks to evaluate performance, predict energy consumption, and align production with the lowest possible consumption of primary and secondary forms of energy. Ultimately, this goal should lead to the manufacturing of cleaner products that are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, and are in accordance with the global environmental targets of cleaner manufacturing. This paper discusses an alternative for establishing energy baselines for the industrial sector in which several products are produced from a single raw material, and we determined the energy consumption of each product and its impact on the overall efficiency of the industry at the same time. The method is applied to the plastic injection process and the result is an energy baseline (EBL) in accordance with the requirements of ISO 50001, which serves as a reference for determining energy savings. The EBL facilitates a reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in sectors such as plastics, a sector which accounts for 15% of Colombia’s manufacturing GDP.
Rosaura Castrillón-Mendoza; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. Industrial Decarbonization by a New Energy-Baseline Methodology. Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1960 .
AMA StyleRosaura Castrillón-Mendoza, Javier M. Rey-Hernández, Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. Industrial Decarbonization by a New Energy-Baseline Methodology. Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosaura Castrillón-Mendoza; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. 2020. "Industrial Decarbonization by a New Energy-Baseline Methodology. Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1960.
This paper investigates the status quo of the indoor comfort temperatures of a number of reference churches in Malta, ranging from large and small Baroque buildings to more contemporary buildings, throughout the twelve-month monitoring period of 2018. This is carried out as a first step towards understanding and evaluating the extent of comfort issues in these buildings. It was found that the thermal mass of buildings plays a very important role in controlling indoor temperature in these free running structures. The Baroque churches proved to have an overall high thermal mass when compared to the mid-20th century neoRomanesque style architecture, and late 20th century (post Vatican Council II style) contemporary architecture, with the result of a steadier indoor temperature in Baroque churches and higher fluctuations in temperature for the more recent architectural styles. This behaviour is mainly attributed to the lack of overall thermal mass of the building and higher solar gains through glazed elements, providing minimal "inertia" against external temperature fluctuations. This is evidenced by the results obtained in this study, which give a sound indication of the thermal comfort in naturally ventilated churches in a Mediterranean climate
Robert C. Vella; Francisco Javier Rey Martinez; Charles Yousif; Damien Gatt. A study of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated churches in a Mediterranean climate. Energy and Buildings 2020, 213, 109843 .
AMA StyleRobert C. Vella, Francisco Javier Rey Martinez, Charles Yousif, Damien Gatt. A study of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated churches in a Mediterranean climate. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 213 ():109843.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert C. Vella; Francisco Javier Rey Martinez; Charles Yousif; Damien Gatt. 2020. "A study of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated churches in a Mediterranean climate." Energy and Buildings 213, no. : 109843.
The high emissions of substances harmful to the environment associated with the activity of people, has become a point of extreme importance, since it depends on the subsistence of life on the planet [1]. Manufacturing processes and the application of new technologies improve substantially the life, but some processes contribute more to the damage to the environment. These manufacturing processes require a high consumption of energy and resources, which entail environmental impacts, some of them not quantified. For this reason, the reduction of emissions has become the battlefield in the fight for the preservation of planet. To determine and quantify the impacts that occur in a product, process or system, it is necessary to perform an analysis of the flows of energy and resources that occur throughout its life cycle. That is why the LCA has become a very important tool in the process of transition to a low-emission production economy [2]. There are systems that, although considered renewable, also produce impacts on the environment. That is why, the present work, and through the LCA, determines the impacts produced by two heat generation systems, to later be able to compare them with each other.
José Adolfo Lozano Miralles; Rafael López García; José Manuel Palomar Carnicero; Francisco Javier Rey Martínez. Comparative study of heat pump system and biomass boiler system to a tertiary building using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Renewable Energy 2020, 152, 1439 -1450.
AMA StyleJosé Adolfo Lozano Miralles, Rafael López García, José Manuel Palomar Carnicero, Francisco Javier Rey Martínez. Comparative study of heat pump system and biomass boiler system to a tertiary building using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Renewable Energy. 2020; 152 ():1439-1450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Adolfo Lozano Miralles; Rafael López García; José Manuel Palomar Carnicero; Francisco Javier Rey Martínez. 2020. "Comparative study of heat pump system and biomass boiler system to a tertiary building using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Renewable Energy 152, no. : 1439-1450.
The high energy consumption, attached to a high energy demand in buildings, has led the development of several research projects with the target of reducing the energy consumption in the buildings. As a result of this high consumption, the increased CO2 emissions that have been generated in recent years, have reached alarming levels, which is why it is necessary to reduce the environmental impact which we are contributing to our planet through the use of energy. The European Directive on Building Performance (EPBD 2018/844/EU), recently updated, requires new buildings to be close to the Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs), increasing the use of renewable energies on-site, and also highlight how to get to improve the cost-effective renovation of existing buildings with the introduction of building control and automation systems ( smart systems), as well as the energy savings and increase the efficiency of energy systems, by reducing CO2 emissions. The use of new renewable energy technologies integrated in buildings, with the aim of reducing the consumption of the facilities that all nZEB buildings must have, such as the ventilation system used as an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) control technique. In this study, the energy management of the enthalpy ventilation control system is analysed, where dynamic monitoring is going on in the building controlled through Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), in combination with different ventilation systems as free-cooling, heat recovery and geothermal energy of an Earth Air Heat eXchanger (EAHX), all of them as strategies implemented in a real nZEB building (LUCIA) located on the campus at the University of Valladolid, with the goal of improving energy efficiency in ventilation. In order to get this aims, monitoring data of several energy parameters (temperature, air velocity, air flow rate, enthalpy, etc.) are measurements, they allow us to perform a control of the combined ventilation systems to achieve a high IAQ and analyze an optimization of the energy efficiency of the all systems and to study of energy recovery and savings of carbon emissions that directly affect the reduction of the impact of climate change. The results achieved are the energy efficiency of the building in ventilation and optimum system operation in cooling and heating mode. In addition, by controlling the ventilation, the IAQ of the nZEB building is improved.
Javier M Rey Hernandez; Sergio Lorenzo González; Julio F. San José-Alonso; Ana Tejero-González; Eloy Velasco; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. Smart energy management of combined ventilation systems in a nZEB. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 111, 1 .
AMA StyleJavier M Rey Hernandez, Sergio Lorenzo González, Julio F. San José-Alonso, Ana Tejero-González, Eloy Velasco, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. Smart energy management of combined ventilation systems in a nZEB. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 111 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier M Rey Hernandez; Sergio Lorenzo González; Julio F. San José-Alonso; Ana Tejero-González; Eloy Velasco; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. 2019. "Smart energy management of combined ventilation systems in a nZEB." E3S Web of Conferences 111, no. : 1.
Ventilated façades are among the existing measures to reduce the energy demand in buildings. The combination of this passive heating and cooling strategy with photovoltaics (PV) can drive new buildings towards the current European targets near or even to net zero energy Buildings (nZEB). The present work studies the thermal behavior of the PV integrated ventilated façade applied in the nZEB known as “LUCIA” (acronym in Spanish for “University Centre to Launch Applied Research”) at the University of Valladolid, Spain. The aim is to evaluate the interest of recirculating indoor air within the façade during winter, as an alternative to the present preferred operating mode during the target season, in which the façade acts as further insulation. First, the radiant properties of the PV façade are measured to use the values in a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the ventilated façade in its current operating mode in winter. Then, the solar radiation available, the air-dry bulb temperatures indoors, outdoors and inside the ventilated façade are monitored to obtain experimental data to validate the model. The results show that air recirculation can entail favorable heat gains during 10% of winter, being this alternative preferable to the present operating mode when outdoor temperatures are over 18.4 °C.
Ana Tejero-González; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; José Ramón Martín-Sanz García; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez; Eloy Velasco-Gómez. Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB. Energies 2019, 12, 3033 .
AMA StyleAna Tejero-González, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, José Ramón Martín-Sanz García, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez, Eloy Velasco-Gómez. Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB. Energies. 2019; 12 (15):3033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Tejero-González; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; José Ramón Martín-Sanz García; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez; Eloy Velasco-Gómez. 2019. "Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB." Energies 12, no. 15: 3033.
Ventilated façades are among the existing measures to reduce the energy demand in buildings. The combination of this passive heating and cooling strategy with photovoltaics (PV) can drive new buildings towards the current European targets for near or even net zero-energy buildings (nZEB). The present work aims at studying the PV integrated ventilated façade of the nZEB known as “LUCIA” at the University of Valladolid, Spain. First, the transmissivity of the PV façade is measured. Then, the monitoring of the available solar radiation is presented together with the air-dry bulb temperatures indoors, outdoors and inside the ventilated façade. The experimental results permit the validation of a mathematical model that describes the behaviour of the ventilated façade in its current operating modes. The results show that dampers should be closed during winter to let the façade act as a further insulation for outdoor temperatures below 18.4 C to improve energy efficiency. Indoor air recirculation would be helpful during 10% of the winter period.
Ana Tejero-González; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; F. Javier Rey-Martínez; Eloy Velasco-Gómez. Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB. Proceedings 2019, 16, 22 .
AMA StyleAna Tejero-González, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, F. Javier Rey-Martínez, Eloy Velasco-Gómez. Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB. Proceedings. 2019; 16 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Tejero-González; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; F. Javier Rey-Martínez; Eloy Velasco-Gómez. 2019. "Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB." Proceedings 16, no. 1: 22.
In order to achieve the objectives of the European 20/20/20 strategy, and to obtain a greater energy efficiency, integration of renewable energies and the reduction of carbon emissions, a District Heating (DH) system has been designed by the University of Valladolid (UVa), Spain, one of the most important DH fed by biomass fuel in Spain, supplying heating and domestic hot water (DHW) to 31 buildings in Valladolid, the majority of them, educational buildings on the University Campus. The aims of this paper were to study the change from an energy system fueled by natural gas to District Heating by biomass in a building on the campus of the University of Valladolid—the School of Engineering (EII)—studying its consumption from its connection to the District Heating system. An energy management methodology such as ISO 50001 is carried out, applied to efficiency systems in buildings, thus establishing new criteria of sustainability and economic value. In this paper, energy management will also be analyzed in accordance with the proposed tools of an Energy Management System (EMS) applied to the EII building, through the measurement of energy parameters, calculation of thermal consumption, thermal energy savings as a result of the change from system to District Heating by biomass, economic savings, reduction of environmental impact and indicators of thermal efficiency I100 and CUSUM indicator. Finally, the primary renewable and non-renewable energy efficiency indicators for the new District Heating system will be determined. The concept of the near Zero Energy Buildings is defined in the European Union (EU) in order to analyze an approach to an nZEB which results from replacing the natural gas heating system by a biomass District Heating system.
Rosaura Castrillón Mendoza; Javier M. Rey Hernández; Eloy Velasco Gómez; Julio F. San José Alonso; Francisco J. Rey Martínez. Analysis of the Methodology to Obtain Several Key Indicators Performance (KIP), by Energy Retrofitting of the Actual Building to the District Heating Fuelled by Biomass, Focusing on nZEB Goal: Case of Study. Energies 2018, 12, 93 .
AMA StyleRosaura Castrillón Mendoza, Javier M. Rey Hernández, Eloy Velasco Gómez, Julio F. San José Alonso, Francisco J. Rey Martínez. Analysis of the Methodology to Obtain Several Key Indicators Performance (KIP), by Energy Retrofitting of the Actual Building to the District Heating Fuelled by Biomass, Focusing on nZEB Goal: Case of Study. Energies. 2018; 12 (1):93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosaura Castrillón Mendoza; Javier M. Rey Hernández; Eloy Velasco Gómez; Julio F. San José Alonso; Francisco J. Rey Martínez. 2018. "Analysis of the Methodology to Obtain Several Key Indicators Performance (KIP), by Energy Retrofitting of the Actual Building to the District Heating Fuelled by Biomass, Focusing on nZEB Goal: Case of Study." Energies 12, no. 1: 93.
The building sector is responsible for a substantial part of the energy consumption and corresponding CO2 emissions. The European Union has consequently developed various directives, among which the updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU stands out, aiming at minimizing the energy demand in buildings, improving the energy efficiency of their facilities and integrating renewable energies. The objective of the present study was to develop an analysis on the energy performance, related CO2 emissions and operating costs of the renewable energy technologies implemented within a multipurpose near Zero Energy Building (nZEB). The target building is an existing nZEB called LUCIA, located in Valladolid (Spain). Monitoring data provides the required information on the actual needs for electricity, cooling and heating. It is equipped with solar energy photovoltaic systems, a biomass boiler and a geothermal Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) intended for meeting the ventilation thermal loads. All systems studied show favourable performances, but depend significantly on the particular characteristics of the building, the control algorithm and the climate of the location. Hence, design of these strategies for new nZEBs must consider all these factors. The combined use of the PhotoVoltaic PV System, the biomass and the EAHX reduces the CO2 emissions up to 123 to 170 tons/year in comparison with other fuels, entailing economic savings from the system operation of up to 43,000–50,000 €/year.
Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Julio F. San José-Alonso; Ana Tejero-González; Sergio L. González-González; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. Monitoring Data Study of the Performance of Renewable Energy Systems in a Near Zero Energy Building in Spain: A Case Study. Energies 2018, 11, 2979 .
AMA StyleJavier M. Rey-Hernández, Eloy Velasco-Gómez, Julio F. San José-Alonso, Ana Tejero-González, Sergio L. González-González, Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. Monitoring Data Study of the Performance of Renewable Energy Systems in a Near Zero Energy Building in Spain: A Case Study. Energies. 2018; 11 (11):2979.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier M. Rey-Hernández; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Julio F. San José-Alonso; Ana Tejero-González; Sergio L. González-González; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. 2018. "Monitoring Data Study of the Performance of Renewable Energy Systems in a Near Zero Energy Building in Spain: A Case Study." Energies 11, no. 11: 2979.
This article analyses the reduction of energy consumption following the installation of district heating (DH) in the Miguel Delibes campus at the University of Valladolid (Spain), in terms of historical consumption and climate variables data. In order to achieve this goal, consumption models are carried out for each building, enabling the comparison of actual data with those foreseen in the model. This paper shows the statistical method used to accept these models, selecting the most influential climate variables data obtained by the models from the consumption baselines in the buildings at the Miguel Delibes campus through to the linear regression equations with a confidence level of 95%. This study shows that the best variables correlated with consumption are the degree-days for 58% of buildings and the average temperature for the remaining 42%. The savings obtained to date with this third generation network have been significantly higher than the 21% average for 33% of the campus buildings. In the case of 17% of the buildings, there was a significant increase in consumption of 20%, and in the case of the remaining 50% of the buildings, no significant differences were found between consumption before and after installation of district heating.
Ana M. Marina Domingo; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Julio F. San José Alonso; Raquel Mata Crespo; Francisco J. Rey Martínez. Energy Efficiency Analysis Carried Out by Installing District Heating on a University Campus. A Case Study in Spain. Energies 2018, 11, 2826 .
AMA StyleAna M. Marina Domingo, Javier M. Rey-Hernández, Julio F. San José Alonso, Raquel Mata Crespo, Francisco J. Rey Martínez. Energy Efficiency Analysis Carried Out by Installing District Heating on a University Campus. A Case Study in Spain. Energies. 2018; 11 (10):2826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna M. Marina Domingo; Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Julio F. San José Alonso; Raquel Mata Crespo; Francisco J. Rey Martínez. 2018. "Energy Efficiency Analysis Carried Out by Installing District Heating on a University Campus. A Case Study in Spain." Energies 11, no. 10: 2826.
Over the last few years, studies have predicted an increase in the overall air temperature due to climate change. Today's society is already sensing this change, which could have a negative impact on the environment and efforts are being made to seek all possible measures to curb it. One of the consequences of this temperature rise would be its effect on indoor comfort within buildings, which may cause higher energy consumption and operational costs, while reducing the useful lifetime of air-conditioning equipment. In this paper, an existing zero energy building (ZEB) is being studied to understand the possible effects of climate change on its zero energy status. The building is also a zero carbon building because all of its generated energies come from renewable sources (biomass, geothermal and solar photovoltaic systems). The building LUCIA has the highest innovative technologies in energy systems, design and construction elements and is currently considered as one of the top three buildings with the highest LEED certification in the world. According to current European regulations, buildings will tend to become self-sufficient in terms of energy after 2020, and therefore this study will help us to understand the changes in energy consumption within a long-term timeframe, for such zero-energy buildings. With the aid of the DesignBuilder version 5 software and its EnergyPlus building energy engine, a building model is simulated and energy consumption is analyzed for the years 2020, 2050 and 2080 timeframe. The climatic conditions pertain to the city of Valladolid, Spain, which has a continental climate, while the expected changes in climatic conditions have been produced through the methodology developed by the University of Southampton, called CCworldweathergen. Results have shown that the cooling demand would significantly increase for the years 2050 and 2080, while space heating would drop. This will increase the overall demand for burning more biofuels to cover the added demand in absorption cooling systems. Moreover, the previously excess generated electricity of the building by photovoltaics would then be totally consumed within the building due to increased demand. This implies that the installed systems will operate for longer hours, which will increase maintenance and replacement costs. As a result of this study, it becomes possible to quantify the expected changes in energy consumption and prepare preventive actions to anticipate this change, while improving the management and control of both the energy systems and the building.
Javier M Rey Hernandez; Charles Yousif; Damien Gatt; Eloy Velasco; Julio San José; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. Modelling the long-term effect of climate change on a zero energy and carbon dioxide building through energy efficiency and renewables. Energy and Buildings 2018, 174, 85 -96.
AMA StyleJavier M Rey Hernandez, Charles Yousif, Damien Gatt, Eloy Velasco, Julio San José, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. Modelling the long-term effect of climate change on a zero energy and carbon dioxide building through energy efficiency and renewables. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 174 ():85-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier M Rey Hernandez; Charles Yousif; Damien Gatt; Eloy Velasco; Julio San José; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. 2018. "Modelling the long-term effect of climate change on a zero energy and carbon dioxide building through energy efficiency and renewables." Energy and Buildings 174, no. : 85-96.
Industry and construction are responsible of the most important environmental impact generated by the man in their activities, being environmentally the most devastating activities. According to many current researches, it has been proved that between 60% and 65% of atmosphere emissions are caused by processes developed in the life cycle of industry and buildings. The use of materials industrially processed, the international origin of these ones, the high consumption of energy demanded by buildings during their phase of use and an inadequate treatment of waste in a final stage, connect straightly the development of countries and their environmental impact. Many different strategies, i.e. a reduction of energy consumption, a decrease of energy demand with passive design in buildings, a progressive rise of renewable energy and the use of sustainable materials among others, have been started to relieve these problems. One of the most important phases to reduce the enviromental impact is the choice of materials. That is why, it is essential to have the environmental information of the LCA at the stage of elaboration of the projects. In this research, I will develop a "Life Cycle Assessment". This "Life Cycle Assessment" will let us determine which impacts will take place in a heat pump system and which ones will be the most important with the main aim of reducing impacts after a deep analysis of results.
Jose Adolfo Lozano Miralles; José Manuel Palomar Carnicero; Rafael Lopez Garcia; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) METHOLOGY OF AIR/AIR HEAT PUMP APLICATED TO A TERTIARY BUILDING AS A CONTRIBUTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY. DYNA 2018, 93, 262 -267.
AMA StyleJose Adolfo Lozano Miralles, José Manuel Palomar Carnicero, Rafael Lopez Garcia, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) METHOLOGY OF AIR/AIR HEAT PUMP APLICATED TO A TERTIARY BUILDING AS A CONTRIBUTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY. DYNA. 2018; 93 (1):262-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose Adolfo Lozano Miralles; José Manuel Palomar Carnicero; Rafael Lopez Garcia; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. 2018. "LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) METHOLOGY OF AIR/AIR HEAT PUMP APLICATED TO A TERTIARY BUILDING AS A CONTRIBUTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY." DYNA 93, no. 1: 262-267.
This paper develops an energy analysis for an existing near Zero Energy (nZEB) and Zero Carbon Emissions building called LUCIA, located at the university campus in Valladolid (Spain). It is designed to supply electricity, cooling and heating needs through solar energy (Photovoltaic Systems, PV), biomass and an Earth–Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE), besides a Combined Heat Power (CHP). It is currently among the top three buildings with the highest LEED certification in the World. The building model is simulated with DesignBuilder version 5. The results of the energy analysis illustrate the heating, cooling and lighting consumptions expected, besides other demands and energy uses. From this data, we carried out an energy balance of the nZEB, which will help to plan preventive actions when compared to the actual energy consumptions, improving the management and control of both the building and its systems. The primary energy indicator obtained is 67 kWh/m2 a year, and 121 kWh/m2 a year for renewable energy generation, with respect to 55 kWh/m2 and 45 kWh/m2 set as reference in Europe. The Renewable Energy Ratio (RER) is 0.66. These indicators become a useful tool for the energy analysis of the nZEB according to the requirements in the European regulations and for its comparison with further nZEB.
Javier M. Rey-Hernández; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Ana Tejero-González; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez; Julio F. San José-Alonso. Energy Analysis at a Near Zero Energy Building. A Case-Study in Spain. Energies 2018, 11, 857 .
AMA StyleJavier M. Rey-Hernández, Eloy Velasco-Gómez, Ana Tejero-González, Francisco J. Rey-Martínez, Julio F. San José-Alonso. Energy Analysis at a Near Zero Energy Building. A Case-Study in Spain. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier M. Rey-Hernández; Eloy Velasco-Gómez; Ana Tejero-González; Francisco J. Rey-Martínez; Julio F. San José-Alonso. 2018. "Energy Analysis at a Near Zero Energy Building. A Case-Study in Spain." Energies 11, no. 4: 857.