Background: Healthcare workers are still at risk from needlesticks and sharps injuries, which can expose them to blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. We aimed to investigate the proportion of needlesticks and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in Somalia and also evaluate associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital. The data was retrieved from the hospital record of the infection prevention and control department over a six-year period between 2017 and 2022. Results: There were a total of 233 needlestick and sharps injury incidents. The highest number of needlestick and sharps injury cases were reported among nurses (52.4%), followed by cleaners (22.3%), physicians (18.5%), and technicians (6.9%) during the six-year period. Operation theaters were the most frequent place (21.9%) where injuries happened, followed by inpatient care (17.6%) and emergency rooms (16.7%). The most commonly reported instrument that resulted in injuries was a hypodermic needle (81.1%). About 24.9% of the needles or sharps devices that caused needlestick and sharps injury cases were contaminated with hepatitis B. There was a significant difference between gender and place of injury for needlestick and sharps injuries (P=0.001). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals around the world continue to face major health risks from needle stick and sharps injuries. The present study found that 8.6%of healthcare workers sustained a needle stick and sharps injuries incident in the past year. According to our findings, healthcare institutions need to regularly teach healthcare professionals, especially nurses and cleaners about the significance of needle stick and sharps injuries.

Background: Poor sleep quality among nurses negatively impacts job performance, patient care, and mental well-being, leading to compromised cognitive ability, decision-making, and increased errors, which ultimately jeopardize patient care and safety. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among nurses at a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working at a tertiary care hospital between May and August 2024. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, which included socio-demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for poor sleep quality. A p-value of 0.05 was considered the threshold for statistical significance. Results: A total of 280 nurses participated in the study, with 45.7% (95% CI: 39.8– 51.7) reporting poor sleep quality. The odds of reporting poor sleep quality were higher among female nurses (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.35– 5.32), those working night shifts (AOR = 4.76; 95% CI: 2.06– 11.02), those with poor social support (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.09– 7.27), and those experiencing depression (AOR = 5.35; 95% CI: 2.22– 12.88), anxiety (AOR = 5.58; 95% CI: 2.61– 11.92), and stress (AOR = 3.92; 95% CI: 1.11– 13.90). Conclusion: This study revealed a significantly high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses. These findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep quality as a key component of nursing well-being. It is recommended that nursing managers assess both the mental and physical health of their staff, implement targeted interventions such as stress management and counseling, and develop workplace strategies to improve sleep, including flexible scheduling and education on sleep hygiene.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among TIIDM patients in Mogadishu, Somalia, and identify predicting factors, as there is limited research on these disorders in Somalia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients with TIIDM from November 2023 to January 2024 at Erdogan Hospital, in the capital city of Somalia. A total of 360 participants were recruited using the systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables predicted by the outcome variables. Results: Out of the 360 participants included in this study, 44.7%, 55.0%, and 30.3% had depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. A lack of regular exercise (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.14– 2.79) and an illness duration of 4– 7 years (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.16– 3.23) were statistically associated with depression. Being female (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.31– 3.28), having ≥ 9 children (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.07– 3.53), and a lack of regular exercise (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01– 2.45) were statistically associated with anxiety. A lack of regular exercise (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.31– 3.28), having DM complications (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.01– 4.54), an illness duration of 4– 7 years (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.25– 3.94), and DM management non-compliance (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.20– 6.26) were statistically associated with stress. Conclusions: This study found that TIIDM patients had moderately high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, with a lack of physical activity associated with increased odds of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Healthcare workers should screen for psychological symptoms, provide interventions, monitor sedentary patients, and encourage adherence to treatment and physical exercise to reduce mental health burden.

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to determine the 5-year prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients admitted to the Microbiology laboratory of a tertiary hospital in Somalia. Intestinal parasites; Types of patients, age and sex of the patients, and the distribution by years were examined. Patients and Methods: Stool samples were examined using wet preparation, native lugol and trichrome staining methods. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS V23 software and a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Tables and figures were used to show the results. Results: One or more parasites were detected in 6766 of 56,824 stool samples examined. It was observed that Giardia lamblia had a higher prevalence than other parasites (60.84%) in a five-year period. Entamoeba histolytica (33.07%) second rank and Ascaris lumbricoides (3.18%) third rank according to their prevalence. When the distribution of the parasite population by gender is evaluated; no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.235). When the frequency of parasites was evaluated according to age groups, it was seen that the prevalence of parasites between the ages of 0– 15 was higher (45.5%) compared to other age groups. A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of parasite groups according to age groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the effects of intestinal parasites on public health, it is still considered to be an important health problem for developing countries. It is thought that the frequency of parasitic diseases in society will decrease with the education of individuals, effective diagnosis, treatment, and implementation of preventive measures.

Background: In countries like Somalia, where health infrastructure is inadequate and malaria is endemic, immunosuppression during pregnancy increases the risk of placental malaria; this, in turn, leads to anemia, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and stillbirth, causing severe complications that pose a life‐threatening risk to both the mother and fetus. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of malaria parasitemia among pregnant women attending the obstetric clinic of a tertiary hospital in Somalia. Method: This cross‐sectional study, conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, involved 398 pregnant women. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants were screened for malaria using Giemsa‐stained blood smear microscopy. Associations between variables and malaria prevalence were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 with chi‐square tests and logistic regression. Results: Among 398 pregnant women, 238 (59.8%) tested positive for malaria. Of the 238 malaria cases, 218 (91.6%) were revealed as Plasmodium falciparum cases. Being in the second trimester (OR: 0.524, 95% CI: 0.279–0.983; p = 0.044), third trimester (OR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.245–0.797; p = 0.007), and indoor residual spraying (IRS) (OR: 0.192, 95% CI: 0.108–0.342; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased odds of malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of malaria in pregnancy, predominantly caused by Plasmodium falciparum . Targeted education campaigns focusing on women in the second trimester and those not using preventive measures such as IRS or ITNs should be prioritized, along with routine malaria screening at every antenatal care visit.

The growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational contexts has raised important questions regarding teachers’ readiness, perceptions, and concerns about its integration into curriculum and classroom practice. This qualitative study explores in-service teachers’ perspectives on artificial intelligence in relation to instructional processes, cognitive development, psychosocial implications, and professional learning needs. The study was conducted with 30 teachers working in public schools in a metropolitan city in Türkiye. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form consisting of eight open-ended questions and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Coding was carried out in three stages (open, axial, and selective coding), and inter-coder reliability was calculated at 87%. The findings reveal a balanced yet cautious stance toward AI. Teachers perceived AI as a tool that can enhance instructional efficiency, support the explanation of complex content, facilitate assessment processes, and enrich students’ cognitive development. At the same time, they expressed concerns about potential risks related to emotional development, reduced interpersonal interaction, and technological dependency. Across responses, participants emphasized the necessity of structured, practice-oriented professional development to support responsible and effective AI integration. Overall, the results suggest that teachers approach AI neither with uncritical enthusiasm nor outright resistance, but with cautious openness shaped by both pedagogical considerations and ethical concerns. These findings provide context-sensitive insights that may inform teacher education and curriculum planning efforts in emerging AI-integrated educational systems.