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A purported approach to reducing heating energy in solid wall “hard to heat” housing is the simple application of a thin layer (< 1mm) of thermal paint containing insulating additives. The objective of this study was to test the energy saving claims by a systematic study of the material characteristics and thermal performance of internal coatings using accepted international standard test methods. The coatings have been compared with conventional internal coverings such as emulsion paint, wallpapers and expanded polystyrene liner. A dynamic model of the Energy House research facility has been used to evaluate energy savings, costs, and payback times. The thermal resistance of the thermal paint coatings was generally found to be not much better than that of conventional vinyl textured wallpapers with a lining paper. When all building heat losses are considered, modelling predictions for thermal paint coatings indicate an unfavourable payback period of several hundred years, and energy savings of between 0.4% and 2.9% depending on coating thickness and type. The evidence from the results and models, as well as scanning electron microscopy, do not support the claims that the additive powder particles are effectively nano-porous, evacuated, or that the coatings have low emissivity surfaces.
A. Simpson; R. Fitton; I.G. Rattigan; A. Marshall; G. Parr; W. Swan. Thermal performance of thermal paint and surface coatings in buildings in heating dominated climates. Energy and Buildings 2019, 197, 196 -213.
AMA StyleA. Simpson, R. Fitton, I.G. Rattigan, A. Marshall, G. Parr, W. Swan. Thermal performance of thermal paint and surface coatings in buildings in heating dominated climates. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 197 ():196-213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Simpson; R. Fitton; I.G. Rattigan; A. Marshall; G. Parr; W. Swan. 2019. "Thermal performance of thermal paint and surface coatings in buildings in heating dominated climates." Energy and Buildings 197, no. : 196-213.
Higher air temperatures in large cities like Manchester, UK, reduce human thermal comfort. In this paper, the impact of land cover on microclimate, and consequently on indoor thermal comfort is studied. Through different stages, field measurements and computer modelling were carried out for a heat wave episode in summer 2017 in Manchester: First, the urban heat island (UHI) was measured between the city centre of Manchester and the campus of the University of Salford (between May to October 2017). Maximum detected UHI was 2.3 °C at 4:00, during the hottest day of the year. Parallel measurements within the university campus showed that the park was 0.9 °C cooler than the paved areas (maximum cooling effect was 3.6 °C at 14:45). Finally, the impact of the current land cover of the campus, and a greener land cover (as a renaturing scenario) with more planted trees on indoor thermal comfort of a house within the campus were studied. It was found that by adding 17% more trees to the campus, indoor thermal comfort was improved by 20.8% during the hottest day of 2017 in Manchester. These showed that renaturing cities could be a solution for future warmer climates.
Mohammad Taleghani; Alex Marshall; Richard Fitton; William Swan. Renaturing a microclimate: The impact of greening a neighbourhood on indoor thermal comfort during a heatwave in Manchester, UK. Solar Energy 2019, 182, 245 -255.
AMA StyleMohammad Taleghani, Alex Marshall, Richard Fitton, William Swan. Renaturing a microclimate: The impact of greening a neighbourhood on indoor thermal comfort during a heatwave in Manchester, UK. Solar Energy. 2019; 182 ():245-255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Taleghani; Alex Marshall; Richard Fitton; William Swan. 2019. "Renaturing a microclimate: The impact of greening a neighbourhood on indoor thermal comfort during a heatwave in Manchester, UK." Solar Energy 182, no. : 245-255.
U-values of building elements are often determined using point measurements, where infrared imagery may be used to identify a suitable location for these measurements. Current methods identify that surface areas exhibiting a homogeneous temperature—away from regions of thermal bridging—can be used to obtain U-values. In doing so, however, the resulting U-value is assumed to represent that entire building element, contrary to the information given by the initial infrared inspection. This can be problematic when applying these measured U-values to models for predicting energy performance. Three techniques have been used to measure the U-values of external building elements of a full-scale replica of a pre-1920s U.K. home under controlled conditions: point measurements, using heat flux meters, and two variations of infrared thermography at high and low resolutions. U-values determined from each technique were used to calibrate a model of that building and predictions of the heat transfer coefficient, annual energy consumption, and fuel cost were made. Point measurements and low-resolution infrared thermography were found to represent a relatively small proportion of the overall U-value distribution. By propagating the variation of U-values found using high-resolution thermography, the predicted heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was found to vary between 183 W/K to 235 W/K (±12%). This also led to subsequent variations in the predictions for annual energy consumption for heating (between 4923 kWh and 5481 kWh, ±11%); and in the predicted cost of that energy consumption (between £227 and £281, ±24%). This variation is indicative of the sensitivity of energy simulations to sensor placement when carrying out point measurements for U-values.
Alex Marshall; Johann Francou; Richard Fitton; William Swan; Jacob Owen; Moaad Benjaber. Variations in the U-Value Measurement of a Whole Dwelling Using Infrared Thermography under Controlled Conditions. Buildings 2018, 8, 46 .
AMA StyleAlex Marshall, Johann Francou, Richard Fitton, William Swan, Jacob Owen, Moaad Benjaber. Variations in the U-Value Measurement of a Whole Dwelling Using Infrared Thermography under Controlled Conditions. Buildings. 2018; 8 (3):46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Marshall; Johann Francou; Richard Fitton; William Swan; Jacob Owen; Moaad Benjaber. 2018. "Variations in the U-Value Measurement of a Whole Dwelling Using Infrared Thermography under Controlled Conditions." Buildings 8, no. 3: 46.