Primary cardiac tumors are rare in all ages, especially in children, with a reported prevalence range of 0.0017–0.28% in autopsy series. Due to their rarity, the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways reserved to them are usually described by single case reports, leading to the point where a common diagnostic protocol is imperative to obtain a differential diagnosis. The first diagnostic approach is done with transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), due to its wide availability, low cost, absence of ionizing radiations and non-invasiveness. Several tumors are discovered incidentally and, in many cases, TTE is helpful to determine location, size and anatomical features, playing a key role in the differential diagnosis.

The tricuspid valve (TV) is a complex anatomical entity. As surgical treatment for isolated tricuspid regurgitation has traditionally been associated with high peri- and post-operative mortality, advances in percutaneous transcatheter techniques of repair and replacement of the TV are emerging as safe and effective alternatives. This review summarizes the current evidence on the use of three-dimensional echocardiography to assist transcatheter-edge-to-edge repair (TEER) in patients with tricuspid regurgitation.

Background: Transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) reduces mitral regurgitation (MR) severity and improves symptoms, but early post-procedural assessment of left atrial pressure (LAP) remains challenging. Objectives: Investigating the impact of M-TEER on diastolic parameters and derived cutoff values to estimate post-procedural LAP. Methods: This retrospective study (n = 240) analyzed the effects of M-TEER on diastolic parameters. Cutoff values for predicting normal LAP were identified using classification tree analysis and validated with current methods for assessing LAP. Results: M-TEER increased E/e′ ratio in both normal and abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) groups. In normal LVEF, E wave velocity ≤ 85 cm/s at 30 days correlated with normal LAP (98% specificity, 90% positive predictive value). In abnormal LVEF, E/e′ ≤ 14 or E wave velocity ≤ 95 cm/s correlated with normal LAP (98%/90% specificity, 91%/83% positive predictive value). The validation of the proposed cutoff values with existing non-invasive methods showed 96% accuracy for normal LAP (24/25) and 90% for elevated LAP (27/30). Conclusions: M-TEER significantly alters diastolic parameters. Derived cutoff values based on easily obtainable diastolic measures show promise in estimating post-procedural LAP, but need further validation for clinical use.