This article analyzes the service distribution imbalance within the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) and its impact on urban mobility, aiming to propose strategies for more equitable territorial planning. The data were gathered from sources such as the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, and OpenStreetMap. These data were integrated with GIS tools to model patterns of accessibility and mobility. Through a comprehensive approach, the study assessed education, banking services, employment, and healthcare, identifying how inequitable access to these services drives increased travel demand, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. In the education field, over 500 neighborhoods faced a shortage of institutions, compelling students to commute to other neighborhoods. For financial services, only 67% of neighborhoods had adequate access, with disparities across different socioeconomic zones. Additionally, employment-related mobility posed another challenge, with 88% of workers commuting outside their residential parish. Finally, access to healthcare was also unequal across the DMQ, particularly in peripheral areas where residents must travel long distances. In this context, it can be concluded that more efficient urban planning in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) is crucial to address imbalances in the distribution of services and enhance quality of life. Proposed strategies include establishing a land reserve, decentralizing services to underserved areas, integrating smart technologies, and promoting incentives for remote work, sustainable mobility, and public transport. These actions aim to foster greater territorial equity and accessibility.

En las áreas metropolitanas la movilidad cotidiana por motivos laborales, de estudio, trámites cotidianos, ocio y tiempolibre adquiere una importancia crucial. En esta investigación se pretende construir una metodología de análisis demovilidad cotidiana basada en la utilización de sistemas inteligentes que permitan investigar la forma de encontrar elorigen de los problemas de congestión en la movilidad urbana generados por desequilibrios de distribución espacial delos servicios, especialmente aquellos que pueden ser evitados con una adecuada focalización en la gestión de la ubicacióndotacional. El presente artículo aborda el análisis de la variable educativa a partir de las etapas de enseñanza obligatoria,con la finalidad de analizar la distribución territorial de estos servicios educativos, determinar si existen áreas condesequilibrios y definir si la dotación de unidades escolares está relacionada con la demanda de la población en edadescolar. En función de los algoritmos empleados se obtuvo como resultado que de los 1269 barrios-sectores queconforman el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, el 43% podrían alcanzar un equilibrio dotacional educativo, el 46% tiendena presentar una mayor demanda (sur del Distrito y áreas periurbanas), y el 11% restante una mayor oferta (hipercentrode la ciudad). En el artículo se presentan como aportaciones conceptos como el de “movilidad forzada” y un procedimientode simulación de redistribución parcial, en donde se acuñan los términos de “demanda dirigida”, “oferta dirigida” y “balancedirigido”.

Mobility is a quantitative variable that measures peoples movements within a specific geographical space during a given period. Globally, intense mobility is considered a key characteristic of modernity. In Latin America, mobility issues are associated with road accidents, vehicular congestion, pollution, and insecurity, all related to the increase in private transport use and the decline in collective transport. These issues are linked to inequities in access to services, infrastructure, and safety. In Ecuador, particularly in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), the social situation reflects the reality of other Latin American territories, highlighting the lack of public spaces, insecurity, and territorial disorder. The urban structure of the DMQ is limited by geographic conditions that exacerbate mobility issues and restrict urban development. Studies on daily mobility have utilized census data and origin-destination surveys. However, Ecuador lacks statistical information to understand the mobility relationships between different areas. Therefore, this research aims to develop a methodology based on intelligent systems to analyze daily mobility and identify the root causes of urban congestion problems associated with imbalances in service distribution. The analysis considers various factors affecting mobility, including education, work, health, and banking services. When forced displacements occur due to an unbalanced distribution of services, they are considered avoidable displacements. However, more specialized displacements are often less avoidable and require specific attention. The research is organized into six sections: introduction, state of the art, study area description, materials and methods, results and discussion, and conclusions and recommendations. It examines the service distribution imbalances in the DMQ, focusing on access to education, financial services, employment, and health, emphasizing how this inequity generates forced displacements. The results indicate that more than 500 neighborhoods lack educational institutions, forcing students to travel to other areas. In terms of financial services, only 67% of neighborhoods have adequate access, with notable socioeconomic disparities. Labor mobility is a challenge, as 88% of workers travel outside their residential parish. Additionally, access to health services is unequal, especially in peripheral areas. The comprehensive analysis of the 1,269 neighborhoods in the DMQ reveals that only 381 (30%) have a complete supply of the analyzed services. These neighborhoods are mainly located in urban areas, such as La Villaflora and the Historic Center. In contrast, residents of neighborhoods without these services must travel to neighboring areas, creating mobility issues that have persisted in the city. Additionally, 170 neighborhoods show deficiencies in educational services, 236 lack banks and schools, 29 have neither educational nor health units, and 147 lack a combination of educational, financial, and health services. This lack of essential services forces people to make displacements to access what they need, highlighting the urgent need to improve urban planning. The research concludes that it is essential to improve urban planning to address the imbalances in service distribution, which would help enhance the quality of life in the DMQ. It is recommended to establish policies that facilitate better decision-making in land management, enabling more equitable access to essential services. RESUMEN La movilidad es una variable cuantitativa que mide los desplazamientos de las personas en un espacio geográfico específico durante un periodo determinado. A nivel global, la intensa movilidad se considera una característica esencial de la modernidad. En América Latina, los problemas de movilidad están asociados con la accidentalidad vial, la congestión vehicular, la contaminación y la inseguridad, todos relacionados con el incremento del uso del transporte privado y la disminución del transporte colectivo. Estos problemas se vinculan a la inequidad en el acceso a servicios, infraestructura y seguridad. En Ecuador, particularmente en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ), la situación social refleja la realidad de otros territorios latinoamericanos, evidenciando la falta de espacios públicos, inseguridad y desorden territorial. La estructura urbana del DMQ está limitada por condiciones geográficas que agravan los problemas de movilidad y restringen el desarrollo urbano. Los estudios sobre movilidad cotidiana han utilizado datos censales y encuestas de origen-destino. Sin embargo, Ecuador carece de información estadística que permita entender las relaciones de movilidad entre diferentes áreas. Por ello, esta investigación se propone desarrollar una metodología para analizar la movilidad cotidiana y así identificar los orígenes de los problemas de congestión urbana asociados con desequilibrios en la distribución de servicios. El análisis contempla diversos factores que afectan la movilidad, incluyendo educación, trabajo, salud y servicios bancarios. Cuando se generan desplazamientos forzados por una distribución desequilibrada de servicios, se consideran desplazamientos evitables. Sin embargo, los desplazamientos más especializados suelen ser menos evitables y requieren atención específica. La investigación se organiza en seis secciones: introducción, estado del arte, descripción de la zona de estudio, materiales y métodos, resultados y discusión, y conclusiones y recomendaciones. Se examinan los desequilibrios en la distribución de servicios en el DMQ, con un enfoque en el acceso a educación, servicios financieros, empleo y salud, subrayando cómo esta inequidad genera desplazamientos forzados. Los resultados indican que más de 500 barrios...