This article analyzes the service distribution imbalance within the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) and its impact on urban mobility, aiming to propose strategies for more equitable territorial planning. The data were gathered from sources such as the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, and OpenStreetMap. These data were integrated with GIS tools to model patterns of accessibility and mobility. Through a comprehensive approach, the study assessed education, banking services, employment, and healthcare, identifying how inequitable access to these services drives increased travel demand, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. In the education field, over 500 neighborhoods faced a shortage of institutions, compelling students to commute to other neighborhoods. For financial services, only 67% of neighborhoods had adequate access, with disparities across different socioeconomic zones. Additionally, employment-related mobility posed another challenge, with 88% of workers commuting outside their residential parish. Finally, access to healthcare was also unequal across the DMQ, particularly in peripheral areas where residents must travel long distances. In this context, it can be concluded that more efficient urban planning in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) is crucial to address imbalances in the distribution of services and enhance quality of life. Proposed strategies include establishing a land reserve, decentralizing services to underserved areas, integrating smart technologies, and promoting incentives for remote work, sustainable mobility, and public transport. These actions aim to foster greater territorial equity and accessibility.

The movement of visitors in nature areas is influenced by a variety of factors that consist of aggregated characteristics such as the average number of visitors to a park, different types of visitors, and their typical destinations, as well as individual characteristics of an individual vistor's expectations, motivations, activities, duration of stay, and trip itineraries. Therefore, it is important to simulate an overall picture of a visitor movement (macroscopic level) according to his individual physical mobility and cognitive capabilities (microscopic level). Most recreational simulation models have been developed to deal with one specific level in particular. In this paper we describe an integrated multilevel modelling approach for the prediction of visitor movement in nature areas. At the macroscopic level, a visitor movement is represented by a movement surface which follows the analogy of the flow of water in gravity models. In contrast, our model also belongs to the microscopic category, where visitors interact with their movement surface by making a sequence of decisions according to utility measures, which in turn generates their individual trajectories. The model was implemented for the simulation of the visitor movements within the Dwingelderveld National Park, which is located in the northern part of the Netherlands. Finally, the main outcomes and limitations of such a modelling approach are discussed.

En este trabajo se aborda el análisis de la toponimia urbana como herramienta de información geográfica. En este sentido se propone una serie de técnicas toponímicas para el reconocimiento y la puesta en valor de la información que proporciona la toponimia en el marco urbano. El uso de observación de campo, derivas urbanas, mapas mentales y encuestas enfocado alanálisis de la toponimia urbana desde una perspectiva crítica, facilita una información muyvaliosa en el análisis urbano. A partir de la presentación de algunos casos de estudio, se pone de relieve la necesidad de afrontar el análisis de la toponimia desde una metodología múltiple.