Currently different methods are used for ergonomic assessment and analysis. This review tries to show how motion capture technology is applied in the process of ergonomic assessment. The goals of the analysis were to identify the most adequate method for objective assessment of ergonomics. The results show that the optical motion tracking systems with special software can be used to perform digital analysis of body motion. These systems do not require long set up time, majority of them are portable and the sensors are available in the market for a low cost. Movements of the working person are captured without special clothes equipped with markers. Though the optical systems could be acceptable in a wide range of tasks, they have certain limitations in ergonomic analysis. The performance of optical systems depends on a number of variables such as lighting, type of movements, distance from the object and environmental artefacts. The performance of existing systems is not yet completely reliable, but the technology is on the path of improving its accuracy. There are also other mechanical and magnetic technologies used for ergonomic analysis. This review shows that ergonomic simulations using the motion capture technology significantly improves the quality of ergonomic analysis.

Assess the effectiveness of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions in patients with CP and to reveal determinant variables of main intervention outcomes: receptive and expressive language. The search was performed in following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid); PubMed (NLM); Embase (Ovid); Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Health Technology Assessment database and PEDro. Full-text and peer-reviewed studies in English studying the effectiveness of AAC in patients with cerebral palsy were included. Studies with patients (<18 years) diagnosed with CP were included. A narrative analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of AAC methods. A random-effects model meta-analysis was used to assess determinants of AAC intervention outcomes. The online database and manual reference search revealed 445 records. Nine studies investigating a total of 294 subjects with CP met predefined eligibility criteria: 4 studies with single subject, multiple baseline research designs, 3 longitudinal cohort studies, 1 case control study and 1 case series. Results revealed moderate-quality evidence that AAC interventions improve the receptive and expressive communication skills in patients with CP. The random-effects model meta-analysis revealed the power of identified determinant variables affecting the AAC intervention outcomes. Diversity of CP patients requires proper analysis of determinant variables to ensure the efficacy of AAC assessment and intervention. More studies of high methodological and practical quality assessing the efficacy of AAC interventions are needed to clarify the evidence.

The goal of the presented work is to identify the optimum strategy for the enhancement of communication in patients with rare neurological disorders based on different models. With rapidly developing alternative communication technologies it becomes essential to identify an access method for a child and chose the alternative system of communication. Communication difficulties are common in children with rare neurological disorders. These disorders are manifested with motor, cognitive and sensory deficit. Speech and language therapy applied in these categories of patients is presented in various research publications. When forming a message, human communicators typically use a combination of modes: cognitive, psychological, or psycholinguistic sense to facilitate the way children construct internal representations that can be encoded and presented in different forms. Comprehensive assessment and recommendation of appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are critical factors in the success of interventions for individuals with rare neurological disorders who have complex communication needs. The assessment of communication difficulties associated with rare diseases is an essential factor for the development of AAC technologies for these pediatric patients. The methods applied in the presented research are: analysis of different studies and, systematization and generalization of the research evidence. Enhancement of communication in patients with rare neurological disorders should be based on the integration of cognitive, psychological, or psycholinguistic models. For children with rare neurological disorders that eventually lead to speech, cognitive and psychological disturbances, AAC methods are the strategies of choice to facilitate communication. These tools with different access methods are used to support inclusion of children with rare neurological conditions into education system.

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present with motor coordination difficulties that hinder daily functioning, social participation, and physical activity engagement. Integrating structured physical therapy interventions into multidisciplinary care may promote motor development and adaptive behavior in this population. Material and methods: This case series included five children aged 7-11 years with clinically confirmed ASD who participated in a 16-week structured physical rehabilitation program. Sessions (four per week) incorporated balance, locomotor, and coordination exercises tailored to individual profiles. Outcomes were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), behavioral rating scales, and the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). Results: All the participants demonstrated observable improvements in the TGMD scores, with descriptive patterns indicating enhanced locomotor and object control abilities across the 16-week period. Descriptive behavioral profiles illustrated reductions in maladaptive manifestations and gradual improvements in social-communication and adaptive skills for each child. Conclusions: This case series describes observable improvements in motor coordination, physical activity participation, and adaptive behaviors following an individualized physical rehabilitation program. Incorporating such programs into multidisciplinary rehabilitation may contribute to improved functional independence and social inclusion.

Purpose. This study aims to assess the impact of a comprehensive physical rehabilitation program on balance, motor function, and activities of daily living in children with Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM).Methods. Two patients with DWM were included in this study. The prospective case study with controls was conducted involving two children with DWM and two age-matched controls with ataxia of other origins All participants were aged 11 to 14 years. Both patients underwent Ventriculoperitoneal shunting before the 12 months age. This study focuses on late-stage physiotherapy for DWM patients. Physical assessment of patients with DWM before the physiotherapy program revealed lack of balance, upper limb predominant muscle hypotonia and impaired motor control. Our approach for Dandy-Walker malformation is focused on mitigating symptoms and addressing functional impairments resulting from cerebellar dysfunction. The neurodevelopmental approach used emphasizes a functional progression of motor skills, mirroring typical development. Baseline and three-month follow-up assessments were performed using the Berg Balance Scale to evaluate static and dynamic balance. In this study, Electronic goniometer was used to measure the passive and active popliteal range of motion.Findings. Results of assessment with the Berg Balance Scale reflect not only changes in the balance. Improvements of muscle tone in all 14 functional positions resulted in motor functional improvement of patients (sitting, standing, picking up objects and others). All additional motor maneuvers tested in patients showed improvement. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores improved from 9 to 13 and 9 to 11 in the two DWM patients, respectively, indicating functional balance gains. The applied neurodevelopmental approach was adapted from established rehabilitation protocols used in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Conclusions. Late-stage physiotherapy interventions for individuals with Dandy-Walker malformation should be personalized and adapted to the age of the patient, stage of recovery, and functional needs. This approach should not only focus on improving motor function but also on developing compensatory strategies and adaptive skills to enhance overall quality of life. The applied physiotherapy strategy for functional and balance recovery typically used for DCD patients showed high efficacy in the rehabilitation process of DWM patients. Further studies with a large sample size including the DWM patients can prove the high efficacy of this protocol. Мета. Це дослідження має на меті оцінити вплив комплексної програми фізичної реабілітації на рівновагу, рухові функції та повсякденну активність дітей із мальформацією Денді-Уокера (МДУ).Методи. У цьому дослідженні брали участь двоє пацієнтів із МДУ. Проспективне клінічне дослідження з контрольною групою було проведено за участю двох дітей із МДУ та двох дітей відповідного віку з атаксією іншого походження. Всі учасники були віком від 11 до 14 років. Обидва пацієнти перенесли вентрикулоперитонеальне шунтування до 12-місячного віку. Це дослідження зосереджується на пізній стадії фізичної терапії для пацієнтів з МДУ. Фізична оцінка пацієнтів з МДУ перед початком програми фізичної терапії виявила порушення рівноваги, гіпотонію м’язів верхніх кінцівок та порушення моторного контролю. Наш підхід до лікування мальформації Денді-Уокера зосереджений на пом’якшенні симптомів та усуненні функціональних порушень, що виникають внаслідок дисфункції мозочка. Використаний підхід до нейророзвитку вказує на функціональному прогресуванні моторних навичок, що відображає типовий розвиток. Базова оцінка та оцінка через три місяці були проведені за допомогою шкали рівноваги Берга для оцінки статичної та динамічної рівноваги. У цьому дослідженні для вимірювання пасивного та активного діапазону руху підколінного суглоба використовувався електронний гоніометр. Результати. Результати оцінки за шкалою рівноваги Берга відображають не тільки зміни в рівновазі. Поліпшення м’язового тонусу у всіх 14 функціональних положеннях призвело до поліпшення рухових функцій пацієнтів (сидіння, стояння, підняття предметів та ін.). Всі додаткові рухові маневри, які тестувалися у пацієнтів, показали поліпшення. Оцінки за шкалою Берга (BBS) покращилися з 9 до 13 та з 9 до 11 у двох пацієнтів з МДУ відповідно, що свідчить про функціональне поліпшення рівноваги. Застосований...