Background. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cancer worldwide in humans. The risk factors reported in the literature encompass excessive sun exposure, genetic predisposition, irradiation, exposure to arsenic, and trauma. The exact role of trauma in the etiology of BCC remains unexplained. Objectives. To analyze patients with BCC treated surgically in the Dermatosurgery Unit, looking for possible cases of BCC secondary to trauma. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective review all of treated BCC5 in the Dermatosurgery Unit between January 2017 and June 2020. Results. Among 1,832 patients with BCC, 5 (0.27%) tumors had a positive history of previous trauma. Many different types of injuries have been associated with oncogenesis in the area of the scar. The clinical presentations of lesions varied between the patients. Conclusions. It is worth to underline that BCC may be located in the area of post-traumatic scar; however, the incidence seems to be lower comparing to reported previously (7.3-13%). This article illustrates the importance of exclusion malignancy in every non-healing lesion. A neoplasm may be difficult to differentiate from infection or local ischemia in the area of the scar. Prudent management of all clinically unclear lesions should include a biopsy.

Periodontitis has been causally connected with the development of other immune-mediated inflammatory disorders previously. Nevertheless, the current literature does not provide knowledge on oral health in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and characterize an oral microbiome in HS patients. Fifty-five patients with HS and fifty-five healthy controls were enlisted in the study. The incidence of periodontitis was assessed in all patients during the periodontal evaluation. RT-PCR tests were used to quantification of bacterial content and assess the number and composition of nine crucial periodontal pathogens. HS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis than healthy controls (45.5% versus 14.5%). Significantly higher values of average copy-count numbers of total bacteria were found in HS patients. The majority of periodontal pathogens were more frequently isolated in patients with HS than among controls. The most frequently detected pathogen in the HS group was Treponema denticola (70.9%), whereas among controls Capnocytophaga gingivalis (34.5%) was the most common isolate. There was no correlation between HS severity and the number of DNA copies of periodontal bacteria. The findings of this research suggest that periodontitis may contribute to the development of HS.

This study investigates the correlation between the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values and the π–A isotherm parameters of surfactant monolayers composed of sorbitan esters, specifically sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan sesquioleate. The surfactant mixtures were prepared, and their π-A isotherms were recorded. The HLB values calculated for each mixture were in the range 2.10–6.70. The HLB values were compared to compression parameters, including the ratios of the slopes and the ratios of the intercepts, which were between 0.19 and 4.00 and between 0.64 and 1.77, respectively, across the monolayer compression stages. The findings indicate a significant relationship between HLB values and isotherm parameters, particularly for systems with sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan sesquioleate. A value of determination coefficient of 0.95 was found for the linear equation representing the slope ratios as a function of HLB, whereas the intercept ratios, as a linear function of HLB, gave a lower value of 0.71. The results allow for the use of the π–A Langmuir isotherm to experimentally estimate the value of the HLB in mixtures of the sorbitol esters of fatty acids, whose value is an important parameter in the selection of optimized topical and transdermal formulations, highlighting the specific formulations that enhance active substance delivery while minimizing skin irritation potential.

Background/Objectives: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) have transformed the treatment of alopecia areata (AA), but pivotal trials had short follow-ups and real-world long-term safety data remain scarce. We compared incident adverse outcomes between patients with AA exposed and not exposed to JAKis. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, adults (≥18 years) with ≥2 diagnoses of AA (ICD-10-CM L63) and ≥2 medication events for baricitinib, tofacitinib, ritlecitinib, or oral ruxolitinib were matched 1:1 by propensity score on demographics and 13 comorbidities to patients with AA and no recorded exposure to these agents. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs); p values for the 19 estimable outcomes were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure (false discovery rate 5%), and E-values assessed unmeasured confounding. Drug-specific and eight sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Matching yielded 1771–1805 patients per cohort, depending on the outcome domain. Acne was more frequent with JAKis (HR, 2.425; 95% CI, 1.838–3.200; q < 0.001) in all analyses, including versus conventional immunosuppressants (HR, 1.688; 95% CI, 1.321–2.157), whereas upper respiratory tract infections (HR, 0.620; 95% CI, 0.476–0.808; q = 0.004) and urinary tract infections (HR, 0.458; 95% CI, 0.290–0.724; q = 0.006) were recorded less frequently. Cutaneous cancer was more frequent (HR, 2.639; 95% CI, 1.322–5.270; q = 0.024) and persisted after 30- and 180-day latency periods but was attenuated under a fixed 2-year follow-up and after exclusion of other JAKi indications. Severe infections, herpes zoster, and autoimmune and psychiatric outcomes did not differ significantly. Conclusions: In real-world AA care, JAKis were not associated with a statistically significant increase in severe infections or incident psychiatric outcomes, although power for rare serious outcomes was limited. Acne was the most consistent adverse-event signal, whereas the cutaneous cancer finding was not fully robust across specifications and requires confirmation.

Background/Objectives: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, noncicatricial autoimmune hair loss disorder characterized by relapsing inflammation and breakdown of hair follicle immune privilege. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest that pyroptosis, a lytic and inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermins and inflammasome activation, may play a role in AA pathogenesis. This review aims to synthesize current data on the molecular mechanisms linking inflammasome-driven pyroptosis with AA and to highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on mechanistic studies, ex vivo human scalp models, murine AA models, and interventional clinical data. A structured system of Levels of Evidence (LoE) and standardized nomenclature for experimental models was applied to ensure transparency in evaluating the role of pyroptosis and treatment strategies in AA. Results: Available evidence indicates that outer root sheath keratinocytes express functional inflammasome components, including NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), adaptor-apoptosis-associated-speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase-1, and contribute to interleukin (IL)-1β release and pyroptotic cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mediated by regulators such as PTEN and PINK1, amplifies NLRP3 activation and cytokine secretion, linking mitophagy impairment with follicular damage. Animal and human biopsy studies confirm increased inflammasome activity in AA lesions. Therapeutic approaches targeting pyroptosis include Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics, Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, natural compounds, and inflammasome inhibitors such as MCC950. While some agents demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, most strategies remain at preclinical or early clinical stages. Conclusions: Pyroptosis represents a critical mechanism driving hair follicle structural and functional disruption and immune dysregulation in AA. By integrating evidence from molecular studies, disease models, and early clinical data, this review underscores the potential of targeting inflammasome-driven pyroptosis as a novel therapeutic strategy.

Introduction and objective: Nowadays, topical glucocorticosteroids are widely used not only by dermatologists. They exert their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects through various mechanisms. The wide range of their uses and availability often do not go...