Novel yellow azo pyridone dye derivatives were synthesized for use in image-sensor color filters. The synthesized compounds have a basic chemical structure composed of azo, hydroxy, amide, and nitrile groups as well as different halide groups. New materials were evaluated on the basis of their optical, thermal, and surface properties under conditions mimicking those of a commercial device fabrication process. A comparison of their related performance revealed that, among the four prepared compounds, 5-((4,6-dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)diazenyl)-6-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cl-PAMOPC) exhibited the best performance as an image-sensor color filter material, including a solubility greater than 0.1 wt% in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate solvent, a high decomposition temperature of 263 °C, and stable color difference values of 4.93 and 3.88 after a thermal treatment and a solvent-resistance test, respectively. The results suggest that Cl-PAMOPC can be used as a green dye additive in an image-sensor colorant.

We designed and successfully synthesized a novel anthracene-based host material, 10-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-9-(naphthalen-3-yl)anthracene (2-NaAn-1-PNa). The 2-NaAn-1-PNa exhibited a PL max at 440 nm in film state and demonstrated a wide band gap of 2.95 eV, indicating its suitability as a blue host material. In an OLED device using 2-NaAn-1-PNa as the host and 3Me-1Bu-TPPDA as the dopant, real blue emission was achieved with an electroluminescence maximum (EL_max) at 460 nm and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates of (0.133, 0.141). The device exhibited excellent EL characteristics, with an external quantum efficiency of 8.3% and a current efficiency of 9.3 cd/A at 10 mA/cm². Furthermore, the efficiency roll-off was limited to only 1.9% up to 4000 nits, demonstrating exceptional performance.

We designed and synthesized new indolocarbazole-triazine derivatives, 9-di-tert-butyl-5,7-bis(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (2TRZ-P-ICz) and 3,9-di-tert-butyl-5,7-bis(5′-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-2′-yl)-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (2TRZ-TP-ICz), as new bipolar host materials for red phosphorescent OLEDs. In the film state, 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2TRZ-TP-ICz exhibited photoluminescence maxima at 480 nm and 488 nm, respectively. The dipole moment characteristics of the new compounds under various solvent conditions were investigated using the Lippert–Mataga equation. The results showed that the dipole moment of 2TRZ-P-ICz is 26.9D, while that of 2TRZ-TP-ICz is 21.3D. The delayed fluorescence lifetimes were 0.188 μs for 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2.080 μs for 2TRZ-TP-ICz, with 2TRZ-TP-ICz showing TADF characteristics. Additionally, 2TRZ-TP-ICz was found to have a ΔEST of less than 0.2 eV. The triplet energy levels of the newly synthesized bipolar host materials were found to be 2.72 and 2.75 eV, confirming their suitability for use in red phosphorescent OLEDs. To investigate the carrier mobility of the synthesized materials, hole-only devices and electron-only devices were fabricated and tested. The hole mobility value at 1V was found to be 3.43 × 10−3 cm2/Vs for 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2.16 × 10−3 cm2/Vs for 2TRZ-TP-ICz. For electron mobility at 1V, 2TRZ-P-ICz showed a value of 4.41 × 10−9 cm2/Vs, while 2TRZ-TP-ICz exhibited a value of 9.13 × 10−9 cm2/Vs. As a result, when the new material was used as a host in red phosphorescent OLEDs, 2TRZ-TP-ICz achieved a current efficiency of 9.92 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency of 13.7%, CIE coordinates of (0.679, 0.319), and an electroluminescence maximum wavelength of 626 nm.

A novel quinophthalone derivative, 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (TCHCQ), was designed and synthesized as a yellow colorant additive for green color filters in image sensors. The characteristics of the new material were evaluated in terms of optical, thermal, and chemical properties under solution and color filter film conditions. TCHCQ exhibited a significantly enhanced molar extinction coefficient in solution, being 1.21 times higher than that of the commercially used yellow colorant Y138. It also demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature (T_d) exceeding 450 °C. Utilizing the nano-pigmentation process, TCHCQ was used to prepare nano-sized particles with an excellent average size of 35 nm. This enabled the fabrication of a color filter film with outstanding properties. The optical properties of the produced film revealed outstanding yellow colorant transmittance of 0.97% at 435 nm and 91.2% at 530 nm. The color filter film exhibited similar optical and thermal stability to Y138, with an improved chemical stability, as evidenced by a ΔE_ab value of 0.52. The newly synthesized TCHCQ is considered a promising candidate for use as a yellow colorant additive in image sensor color filters, demonstrating superior optical, thermal, and chemical stability.

Three organic blue-light-emitting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives that exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were used as additives in the preparation of inorganic perovskite-structured green-light-emitting materials for three-color white-light emission. For these organic–inorganic light-emitting materials, two-color (blue and green) light-emitting films based on the CsPbBr₃ perovskite-structured green-light-emitting inorganic material were prepared. The three TPE derivatives were prepared by varying the number of bromide groups, and a distinct AIE effect was confirmed when the derivatives were dissolved in a water–tetrahydrofuran mixed solvent containing 90 vol% water. When 0.2 molar ratio of the 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)ethylene (TeBrTPE) additive was mixed with nanocrystal-pinning toluene solvent, the green-light-emission photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) value at 535 nm was 47 times greater than that of the pure bulk CsPbBr₃ without additives and a blue emission at 475 nm was observed from the TeBrTPE itself. When a CBP:Ir(piq)₃ film was prepared on top of this layer, three PL peaks with maximum wavelength values of 470, 535, and 613 nm were confirmed. The film exhibited white-light emission with CIE color coordinates of (0.25, 0.36).

A novel aromatic imine derivative, 2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-5(4H)-oxazolone] (PBMBO), was designed and synthesized as a yellow colorant additive for green color filters used in image sensors. The optical and thermal properties of the newly developed material were evaluated both in solution and within color filter film conditions. PBMBO demonstrated a molar extinction coefficient of 2.24 × 10⁴ L/mol·cm in solution, surpassing that of the commercially employed yellow colorant MBIQO by a factor of 1.82. Color resist (CR) films incorporating PBMBO exhibited outstanding optical characteristics, displaying 0.03% transmittance at 435 nm, 99.3% transmittance at 530 nm, and a sharp slope within the 400 to 550 nm range. The decomposition temperature of PBMBO was 303 °C, indicating relatively superior thermal stability compared to MBIQO. Consequently, PBMBO emerges as a highly promising candidate for a yellow colorant additive in imaging sensor color filters, owing to its exceptional optical and thermal stability. Its potential applications are anticipated to extend across various fields of organic semiconductors.