Chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) are changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, manifested as alterations in the total number of chromosomes or as structural abnormalities involving the loss, duplication, or rearrangement of chromosomal segments. CAs can be inherited or can occur spontaneously, leading to congenital malformations and genetic diseases. CAs associated with cardiovascular diseases cause structural or functional alterations of the heart, affecting the cardiac chambers, valves, coronary arteries, aorta, and cardiac conduction, thus increasing the likelihood of arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). An early diagnosis and the adequate management of chromosomal abnormalities associated with cardiovascular diseases are essential to prevent SCD, which is a serious public health problem today. In our review, we analyzed the structural and functional CAs responsible for congenital heart disease (CHD) that increase the risk of SCD and analyzed the prevention strategies to be implemented to reduce SCD.

SEIC is a non-invasive lesion of the endometrial epithelium considered to be the precursor to uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and is just as aggressive as USC. Currently, there are no reliable data about the behavior and prognosis of SEIC; therefore, the therapeutic management approach is not clear. Method: A systematic search of the Pubmed, Scopus and Embase databases was conducted, following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Of the 296 studies that matched the search criteria, only 9 met the inclusion criteria, covering a total of 81 patients. The main disease-presenting pattern was AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding). In 31 cases, SEIC was associated with extrauterine disease. All patients underwent hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy, while only 15 of the 81 patients received adjuvant treatments. In the patients receiving adjuvant therapy, the RR was 42.67%, the DFS was 35.71% and the OS was 57.13%. In patients subjected to follow-up alone, the RR was only 28.78%, the DFS was 59.1% and the OS was 66.6%. Conclusions: The presence of an extrauterine disease significantly worsens outcomes, regardless of adjuvant treatment. In cases of disease confined to the uterine mucosa alone, the prognosis is good and follow-up allows a good control of the disease; however, adjuvant therapy could further increase survival rates and reduce relapse rates.

Background: Endometritis, maternal fever and wound infection represent the most frequent post-cesarean complications. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the incidence of post-cesarean infections after vaginal cleansing. Materials and methods: The databases analyzed were MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Clinicaltrials.gov and the Register of Controlled Trials. No language or geographical restrictions were applied. We included only randomized controlled trials that analyzed various vaginal antiseptic solutions to reduce postpartum endometritis. The terms employed were as follows: vaginal solution, cesarean section, endometritis, wound infection, chlorhexidine, povidone, metronidazole, cetrimide, and pregnancy. The PICO categorization was as follows: P—population: pregnant women; I—intervention: vaginal antiseptic; C—control: hands-off or routine care; O—outcome: post-cesarean endometritis, wound infection and postoperative fever; S—study design: randomized controlled trials. Results: A total of 32 articles, including 13,853 participants, were selected. The vaginal cleansing group showed a low incidence of endometritis. The chlorhexidine group had an OR of 0.56 (95% CI 0.45–0.70, p = 0.010). The povidone group had an OR of 0.47 (95% CI 0.37–0.59, p = 0.002). Considering maternal fever, 2598 patients from 5 studies in the chlorhexidine group were analyzed, alongside 6965 patients from 18 trials in the povidone group. The povidone group presented an Odds ratio of 0.47 (95% CI 0.38–0.57, p = 0.0001). A reduction in wound infection incidence was observed in the povidone group (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42–0.82, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Vaginal cleansing before cesarean section, particularly with povidone solutions, reduces the incidence of postoperative endometritis and maternal fever.

Introduction/Background: This systematic review evaluated the possible association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and assessed its predictive value and possible clinical utility. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published from the beginning of database inception to December 2024 evaluating the association between the TyG index and HDP. Results: Four studies involving 16,622 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria. In one study, an elevated TyG index was associated with higher rates of lower birth weight (10.7% vs. 2.1%), fetal distress (10.0% vs. 3.3%), preterm delivery (10.7% vs. 2.1%), caesarean section (59.5% vs. 42.9%), and postpartum hemorrhage (11.8% vs. 3.6%). In a retrospective cohort study involving 8,514 pregnancies, increasing TyG quartiles were associated with a progressively higher risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and macrosomia, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.01, 2.02, and 2.35, respectively. ROC analysis indicated an AUC value of 0.665 for preeclampsia, 0.588 for preterm delivery, and 0.606 for macrosomia, indicating limited discriminative performance for these outcomes. Discussion: This systematic review explored the triglyceride-glucose index as a possible biomarker to identify pregnancies at increased risk for HDP. However, the available evidence is extremely limited by the small number of studies, and large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Conclusion: The triglyceride-glucose index represents a possible biochemical marker for identifying high-risk pregnancies.