Building information modeling (BIM) as a virtual and digital mode of representing construction activities gained significant attention and facilitated construction projects. Nevertheless, many driving forces (DFs) trigger the adoption of BIM. Different kinds of studies have been conducted regarding the DFs of BIM adoption in developed countries. However, few studies have classified the adoption of DFs of BIM technology in developing countries such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A range of previous literature identified these DFs in a different context, but there is a need to answer two main questions. First, what DFs could influence BIM adoption in the construction sector of (KSA); second, what could be the possible framework to prioritize these DFs. Therefore, Fuzzy Delphi Methodology (FDM), Interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and MICMAC were applied to answer these questions. Study results highlight that ’Reduced cycle time of the design process’ and ’Efficient construction planning and management’, are the main DFs to BIM adoption in the construction sector of (KSA). This study is the first to employ a hybrid FDM, ISM, and MICMAC approach to evaluate BIM implementation DFs in the KSA context. This study informs policymakers and industry practitioners in (KSA) to develop targeted strategies for effective BIM adoption. This study enhances collaboration and communication among construction industry stakeholders by understanding the significant DFs and their interrelationships.

This study examines the perceived impact of sensory and interactive architectural design in inclusive learning environments on the sensory–emotional responses and behavioral–academic outcomes of children with neurodevelopmental disorders—namely Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down Syndrome, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—during early childhood within the Egyptian educational context. Adopting a perception-based, non-causal analytical perspective, a descriptive–analytical, survey-based design was implemented using a validated questionnaire developed from an architectural–educational conceptual framework grounded in relevant literature. The study involved (N = 202) parents, teachers, therapists, and caregivers who evaluated the perceived influence of environmental design elements on children’s sensory responses, behavior, social interaction, and academic performance, based on observational and experiential assessments rather than objective environmental performance measurements. The results indicated high perceived impacts on sensory–emotional responses (84.8%) and behavioral–academic outcomes (82.0%). Movement–spatial attributes showed the strongest influence, followed by balanced natural lighting, calming colors, natural materials, and low-noise acoustic conditions, while natural elements and sensory gardens played a regulatory role in supporting emotional stability and social interaction. The study concludes that sensory- and emotionally responsive architectural design, when understood as a supportive component of the educational experience rather than an independent causal factor, and integrated with appropriate pedagogical practices, contributes to inclusive learning environments accommodating neurodevelopmental diversity, while informing the development of an applied, evidence-informed architectural design framework that translates perceptual–correlational findings into structured and operational design guidelines adaptable to the Egyptian educational context.

To understand rubber concrete’s mechanical and fatigue performance under uniaxial compression, a 0 %, 8 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % rubber particle incorporated mineral admixture, combined with 0 %, 4 %, 8 % and 15 % fly ash (FA) and 0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 % silica fume (SF), was used to prepare rubber concrete. Mechanical performance and uniaxial compression fatigue tests under constant amplitude cyclic loading were conducted. A damage model for rubber concrete fatigue strain was developed based on Miner’s cumulative damage theory. A reliability analysis of the fatigue life of rubber concrete was conducted using probabilistic statistical methods and experimental data. The distribution characteristics under uniaxial compression with constant amplitude cyclic loading were determined. The results indicate that rubber concrete incorporated with mineral admixture exhibits a significantly longer fatigue life compared to ordinary cement concrete under the same stress levels. Including 8 % fly ash (FA), 10 % silica fume (SF), and 15 % crumb rubber (CR) enhanced the mechanical properties of the concrete, leading to a 7.5 % increase in fatigue life. The incorporation of rubber particles also reduces the range of changes in stress strength factors. The evolution of fatigue strain in rubber concrete follows a three-stage pattern similar to that of conventional concrete, and its fatigue life is consistent with a logarithmic normal distribution. The equation for fatigue strain and damage amount of rubber concrete suggests that adding rubber may increase the fatigue deformation capacity of concrete to some extent, with the degree of improvement being independent of stress level.

This study presents a systematic review and an integrative interpretive synthesis of the architectural literature addressing sensory–interactive design strategies in early childhood learning environments that support children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Down Syndrome (DS), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Following a systematic review conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, twenty-nine peer-reviewed studies were analyzed to examine how environmental design variables may influence sensory load, cognitive processing, emotional stability, and behavioral engagement across neurodevelopmental profiles. Rather than remaining within conventional descriptive approaches, architectural variables—including lighting, color, acoustics, materials, spatial configuration, and environmental controllability—are reconceptualized as regulatory dimensions shaping child–environment interactions. The synthesis suggests that identical environmental variables may elicit divergent, and at times conflicting, sensory–emotional and behavioral responses among children with ASD, DS, and ADHD, highlighting the limitations of standardized design solutions. Accordingly, the study proposes the Sensory–Interactive Architecture Framework (SIAF), an analytical framework that links neurodevelopmental response patterns with sensory–emotional regulation mechanisms and environmental design variables as regulatory dimensions. The findings indicate that effective inclusive design does not rely on generalized sensory interventions but rather on the deliberate regulation of sensory variability through more legible, graded, and controllable spatial systems, thereby promoting learning engagement, emotional stability, and adaptive behavior in neurodiverse children.

Hospital interior corridors represent some of the most frequently used yet least studied spaces in relation to their psychological impact, as they are commonly designed as transitional areas that lack a therapeutic dimension. Contemporary literature in Healing Architecture, psychological restoration theories (ART/SRT), and Neuro-Architecture highlights the capacity of these spaces to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and support cognitive comfort. However, field-based tools for systematically assessing this role remain limited, particularly within Arab healthcare contexts. This study aims to develop and apply the Therapeutic Corridor Assessment Framework (TCAF) as an evidence-informed diagnostic and design-guidance framework integrating four domains: Physical, Neurocognitive, Psychosocial, and Visual–Environmental Factors, grounded in the principles of Healing Architecture and WELL v2 standards. A case study methodology was employed to evaluate the inpatient corridors at Mansoura University Oncology Center. Physical Factors were assessed using calibrated environmental measurements, including lighting levels, noise, air quality, and thermal comfort. Neurocognitive, Psychosocial, and Visual–Environmental Factors were evaluated through structured field observation and architectural drawing analysis. The TCAF framework was reviewed and refined by a panel of seven experts in hospital design and healing architecture, who also validated the relative weighting of the four domains using a 5-point Likert scale. The application of TCAF revealed an overall weighted performance score of 2.2 out of 5, indicating a moderate-to-low corridor performance and a clear shortfall in therapeutic and restorative effectiveness—particularly in wayfinding clarity, psychosocial support, and visual–environmental quality. At its current stage, TCAF is positioned as a diagnostic and design-guidance framework; accordingly, the study translates the diagnostic outcomes into an integrated design strategy aimed at enhancing the restorative performance of hospital corridors and supporting evidence-based decision-making in healthcare environments.

Scientific evidence shows that built environments lacking natural elements undermine women’s physical and psychological well-being, manifesting as higher stress, reduced immune function, and greater chronic-illness risk. This study examines the potential of integrating biophilic design elements to mitigate such effects in the Egyptian workplace through a gender-responsive lens. Using a descriptive–analytical approach and a multi-sector online survey, we assessed the availability and quality of indoor biophilic elements and participants’ preferences. We examined associations with well-being, focus, creativity, stress, and environmental satisfaction. Results showed consistent positive associations of natural light, indoor plants, and natural materials with comfort, stress reduction, and perceived focus/productivity, whereas water features were weaker and more context-dependent. Implementation barriers included organizational inertia, limited greenery, and low awareness of indoor environmental quality. In response, we developed a simple participatory checklist enabling non-specialists to prioritize needs and adopt stepwise, low-cost interventions in practice. Overall, the findings support the applicability of gender-responsive biophilic design in the Egyptian context and align with Vision 2030 goals on quality of life and women’s empowerment, while recommending the integration of objective environmental measurements and pre- and post-occupancy evaluations to strengthen inference and validate the proposed tool.