We propose a space benchmark sensor with onboard SI (Système International) traceability by means of quantum optical radiometry. Correlated photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals are used to calibrate the absolute responsivity of a solar observing radiometer. The calibration is systematic, insensitive to degradation and independent of external radiometric standards. Solar spectral irradiance at 380–2500 nm is traceable to the photon rate and Planck’s constant with an expected uncertainty of about 0.35%. The principle of SPDC calibration and a prototype design of the solar radiometer are introduced. The uncertainty budget is analyzed in consideration of errors arising from calibration and observation modes.

In this paper, the spatial properties of correlated photon in collinear phase-matching in the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) are researched. Based on the study of the phase-matching angle, non-collinear angle, and correlated photon wavelength, a theoretical model of non-collinear angular variation is derived, which can be used to estimate and predict the width of the correlated photon ring. The experimental measurement is carried out with CMOS camera, and the measurement results are consistent with the theoretical simulation results, which verifies the rationality of theoretical reasoning. Meanwhile, the change of the correlated photon divergence angle outside the crystal is studied, the closer the wavelength is to the degenerate, the smaller the measurement value of the divergence angle, which is agreement with the theoretical simulation. The results of the study play a reference role in the evaluation of the spatial properties of correlated photon and lay a foundation for the measurement of the correlated photon number rate and the calibration of a photodetector.

The accurate measurement of high-resolution solar spectral irradiance (SSI) and its variations at the top of the atmosphere is crucial for solar physics, the Earth’s climate, and the in-orbit calibration of optical satellites. However, existing space-based solar spectral irradiance instruments achieve high-precision SSI measurements at the cost of spectral resolution, which falls short of meeting the requirements for identifying fine solar spectral features. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for reconstructing high-resolution solar spectral irradiance based on a residual channel attention network. This method considers the stability of SSI spectral features and employs residual channel attention blocks to enhance the expression ability of key features, achieving the high-accuracy reconstruction of spectral features. Additionally, to address the issue of excessively large output features from the residual channel attention blocks, a scaling coefficient adjustment network block is introduced to achieve the high-accuracy reconstruction of spectral absolute values. Finally, the proposed method is validated using the measured SSI dataset from SCIAMACHY on Envisat-1 and the simulated dataset from TSIS-1 SIM. The validation results show that, compared to existing scaling coefficient adjustment algorithms, the proposed method achieves single-spectrum super-resolution reconstruction without relying on external data, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.0302% for the reconstructed spectra based on the dataset. The proposed method achieves higher-resolution reconstruction results while ensuring the accuracy of SSI.

We introduce a novel calibration optical path of the cryogenic radiometer, which can avoid the repeated dismounting measurement and eliminate the negative influence of Brewster window effect on calibration result. The novel calibration optical path is used to calibrate the absolute spectral responsivity of the standard transfer detector at 633 nm, the results of which are compared with the ones of the previous structure. It is shown that comparing the previous results to the structure optimization, the measurement uncertainty of laser power reduces by a factor of 2, the measurement uncertainty on the absolute spectral responsivity of the transfer detector decreases by 15%, and the consistence of the calibration on absolute spectral responsivity is 4.0 \times 10-3. The experiment result proves that the novel calibration optical path of cryogenic radiometer can effectively reduce the calibration uncertainty against standard detector and improve the accuracy of calibration.

基于自发参量下转换产生相关光子的定标方法具有基于客观物理效应、无需溯源的优点，有望成为未来光辐射定标技术发展的新趋势.目前利用该技术定标光子计数型探测器的最低不确定度为0.18%，仍有进一步提高定标精度的潜力.由于相关光子圆环具有高光子速率特性，能够显著提高定标过程中信号光和空闲光的光子速率.为了提高该方法定标精度及利用相关光子定标模拟探测器，研究相关光子圆环的时间相关特性具有非常重要的意义.本文理论计算了I类自发参量下转换产生的宽谱段相关光子圆环出射角度的空间分布，使用ZEMAX光学设计软件设计了用于接收宽谱段（4501000 nm）相关光子圆环并能够滤除抽运光的光学系统，利用微光相机拍摄到了光学系统接收的430860 nm波段的相关光子圆环；搭建了双通道相关光子圆环时间相关特性测量系统，观测到了1 mW连续激光器抽运非线性晶体产生的685 nm和736.89 nm波段相关光子圆环对具有明显的符合峰现象，从实验上验证了I类自发参量下转换产生的相关光子圆环具有时间相关特性.