Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) can significantly improve athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of two different velocity loss (10% VL and 20% VL) protocols on PAPE in 20 m sprint performance among sprint athletes. Twenty-four male sprint athletes (100 m sprint time: 10.96 ± 0.15 s) participated in the study. A randomized crossover experimental design was used to compare the traditional group (TG) and 10% VL and 20% VL interventions. Sprint tests were conducted at 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between group and time on 20 m sprint performance (F = 2.817, p = 0.037, partial η² = 0.585). Simple main effects analysis revealed significant improvements at 4 min for the 20% VL group (p < 0.05). Cohen’s d values indicated improvements in 10 m sprint times at 8 min for all groups (TG: effect size (ES) = −0.270, 10% VL: ES = −0.038, 20% VL: ES = −0.279). Improvements in 20 m sprint times were observed at 4 min for the 20% VL group (ES = −0.296) and at 16 min for the 10% VL group (ES = −0.276). In conclusion, the velocity loss-based PAPE protocol (20% VL) demonstrated a superior induction of PAPE effects in sprint athletes at 4 min compared to traditional 1RM-based PAPE protocols. However, no significant differences were observed between the two protocols at 8, 12, and 16 min.

This study explored the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on Sanda athletes' athletic performance, an area with limited research. Using a randomized crossover controlled trial with 18 male athletes, the PSD group had 4 h of sleep while the NSN group had 8 h. Results showed that after PSD intervention, the RAT time significantly increased compared to the NSN group (P = 0.0311). However, there was no significant change in CMJ (P = 0.2396) or YBT (left leg: P = 0.2767, right leg: P = 0.3225) between the PSD and NSN groups. In the Wingate test, the PSD group exhibited significant reductions in Pmax and Pave at 10s, 30s, and 60s (P＜0.0001), as well as a significant decrease in Prel at 60s (P＜0.0001), with no significant differences in Prel at 10s and 30s. These findings underscore the detrimental impact of limited sleep on anaerobic performance and agility in Sanda athletes, emphasizing the need for proper sleep management for optimal athletic outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to compare acute mechanical output and immediate post-exercise jump responses among percentage-based training (PBT), repetitions in reserve (RIR), and velocity-based training (VBT) during the back-squat exercise in trained sprinters. Eighteen trained male 100-m sprinters completed all three conditions in randomized order using a within-participant crossover design, with at least 72 h between trials. Each condition began at 80% of one-repetition maximum and comprised of five sets with a maximum of five repetitions per set. Bilateral force plates recorded vertical ground-reaction force during squatting and during pre- and post-exercise countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) tests. Completed repetitions averaged 25.00, 25.00, and 24.06 per session under PBT, RIR, and VBT, respectively; session volume loads also differed among protocols. No statistically significant overall condition effects were detected for relative peak vertical force (p = 0.348), mean positive vertical impulse (p = 0.262), CMJ jump height (p = 0.969), CMJ modified reactive strength index (p = 0.894), or SJ jump height (p = 0.740). The present study found that VBT resulted in fewer completed repetitions and lower session volume load than PBT and RIR. No significant between-protocol differences were detected in session-level mechanical output or immediate postexercise jump responses.

Objective: Integrative Neuromuscular Training (INT) is recognized not only for its potential in preventing sports injuries but also for enhancing athletic performance. Understanding the relationship between INT and the physical qualities of elite Sanda athletes is important for addressing performance limitations in elite Sanda athletes. While INT has been applied in various sports, there is a lack of research in the context of Sanda. This empirical study aims to investigate the effects of INT on the physical qualities of elite Sanda athletes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was employed, with 26 elite male Sanda athletes randomly assigned to either the Integrative Neuromuscular Training group (INT, n = 13) or the control group (CON, n = 13). The INT group engaged in three sessions of INT training per week, lasting 45 minutes each for 12 weeks, while the CON group completed a conventional conditioning program. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included one-repetition maximum tests (1RM), 30-meter sprint tests (30MST), counter movement jump tests (CMJ), reaction agility tests (RAT), and Y balance tests (YBT). Results: Post-intervention, the INT group showed significant improvements in these physical fitness measures: [1RM bench press (p < 0.001, d = 2.599), 1RM squat (p < 0.001, d = 2.610), T-5m (p = 0.011, d = −1.000), T-10m (p = 0.011, d = −0.833), T-30m (p < 0.001, d = −6.120), CMJ (p < 0.001, d = 4.236), RAT (p < 0.001, d = −3.312), YBT-L (p < 0.001, d = 3.075), YBT-R (p < 0.001, d = 2.722)]. In the CON group, there were no significant changes in physical quality test scores post-intervention. Relative changes from pre- to post-intervention indicated no significant differences in △-T-5m between INT and CON groups, while significant differences were found in other physical quality assessments [△-1RM bench press (3.376 vs 0.220 kg, p < 0.001), △-1RM squat (3.665 vs −0.533 kg, p < 0.001), △-T-10m (−0.005 vs 0.005 s, p = 0.004), △-T-30m (−0.153 vs −0.017 s, p < 0.001), △-CMJ (4.846 vs 0.615 cm, p < 0.001), △-RAT (−0.048 vs −0.002 s, p < 0.001), △-YBT-L (5.154 vs −0.615, p < 0.001), △-YBT-R (5.615 vs −0.308, p < 0.001)]. Conclusion: A 12-week INT intervention significantly enhances the physical qualities of Sanda athletes. The overall improvements in the INT group across 1RM, 30MST, CMJ, RAT, and YBT tests demonstrate that the INT program may serve as an effective conditioning strategy for improving selected physical fitness outcomes in elite Sanda athletes.

Background/Objectives: Sensor-based movement assessment is increasingly used to quantify movement execution quality and support feedback-guided rehabilitation exercise, particularly in home-based and remote rehabilitation contexts. However, exercise adherence, movement execution quality, and rehabilitation progress remain difficult to monitor continuously and objectively outside direct therapist supervision. This scoping review aimed to map the current applications of sensor-based biofeedback and movement-quality assessment systems for rehabilitation exercise and to identify evidence gaps. Methods: This review followed established scoping review methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidance. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and IEEE Xplore were searched, and Google Scholar was used for supplementary searching. English-language studies published from January 2014 to May 2026 were eligible if they involved rehabilitation-related populations, sensor-based movement assessment, biofeedback, or training guidance. Data were charted and narratively synthesized according to rehabilitation context, sensor technology, movement-quality metrics, computational approaches, feedback strategies, real-time or remote functions, and reported outcomes. Results: Fifty-five studies published between 2015 and 2026 were included. The evidence covered neurological, musculoskeletal and orthopedic, balance and vestibular, fall-prevention, home-based, and telerehabilitation applications. Technologies included inertial sensors, smartphones, vision/depth cameras, surface electromyography, pressure/force sensors, and multisensor systems. Movement-quality metrics included range of motion, postural stability, gait characteristics, loading, muscle activation, movement correctness, repetition count, and task completion quality. Feedback was visual, auditory, vibrotactile, app-based, avatar-based, therapist-facing, or remote-platform-based. Most evidence came from feasibility, technical validation, algorithmic validation, and small-sample clinical studies. Conclusions: Sensor-based systems may help translate rehabilitation exercise performance into quantifiable and feedback-enabled information. Future research should strengthen real-world validation, standardize task-specific movement-quality metrics, and clarify how feedback mechanisms can support individualized rehabilitation progression.