Background: Obesity is a major public health concern associated with adverse physical and psychological outcomes, including body shame (BS) and reduced self-esteem (SE). Lifestyle interventions incorporating dietary and exercise components, such as time-restricted eating (TRE), mindful eating, and structured physical activity, have shown promise; however, evidence on their combined effects within scalable, web-based formats remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component, web-based lifestyle intervention integrating TRE, mindful eating, and structured online exercise on body composition and psychological outcomes in young adults. Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 42 healthy young adults (age: 20.4 ± 1.6 years) were allocated to either an intervention group (n = 28) or a control group (n = 14). The intervention group followed an integrated program combining TRE, mindful eating principles, and guided online exercise sessions, while the control group received standard dietary and physical activity recommendations. Outcomes included body composition, anthropometric measures, BS (Weight- and Body-Related Shame and Guilt Scale), SE (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire). Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed for body fat percentage (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.001), and body mass (p = 0.025), with the intervention group demonstrating greater reductions compared with controls. BS scores significantly decreased in the intervention group, whereas no significant between-group differences were observed for SE (p > 0.05). Dietary adherence appeared higher than exercise adherence over the intervention period. Conclusions: A multi-component, web-based lifestyle intervention integrating TRE, mindful eating, and structured exercise may improve body composition and reduce BS in young adults. However, changes in SE were not observed over the short term. These findings support the feasibility of scalable digital lifestyle interventions, while highlighting the need for longer-term studies to clarify psychological outcomes.

Background: Exercise training is known to improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity; however, its role in facilitating transitions between metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), as well as the associated metabolic adaptations, remains incompletely understood. Methods: A total of 84 young adults with obesity were enrolled and classified MUO (n = 55) or MHO (n = 29) based on baseline metabolic profiles. All participants completed an 8-week supervised exercise intervention. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and VO₂max were assessed before and after the intervention. Targeted metabolomics of 30 amino acid-related metabolites was performed in the MHO-R (remained MHO) and MUO-C (conversion from MUO to MHO) groups to explore exercise-associated metabolic adaptations following intervention. Results: Exercise training improved cardiometabolic risk profiles, including reductions in adiposity and improvements in insulin resistance-related markers. A proportion of participants transitioned from metabolically unhealthy to metabolically healthy obesity following the intervention. No significant between-group differences in amino acid metabolite changes were observed between MHO-R and MUO-C groups. Exploratory metabolomic analyses identified exercise-responsive alterations in amino acid-related metabolites, particularly involving arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism. Conclusions: Combined aerobic and resistance training is associated with improvements in metabolic health and phenotype transition in young adults with obesity. Observed alterations in arginine and histidine metabolism may reflect metabolic adaptations to exercise rather than transition-specific or causal mechanisms underlying phenotype conversion.

The purpose of this study was to compare acute mechanical output and immediate post-exercise jump responses among percentage-based training (PBT), repetitions in reserve (RIR), and velocity-based training (VBT) during the back-squat exercise in trained sprinters. Eighteen trained male 100-m sprinters completed all three conditions in randomized order using a within-participant crossover design, with at least 72 h between trials. Each condition began at 80% of one-repetition maximum and comprised of five sets with a maximum of five repetitions per set. Bilateral force plates recorded vertical ground-reaction force during squatting and during pre- and post-exercise countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) tests. Completed repetitions averaged 25.00, 25.00, and 24.06 per session under PBT, RIR, and VBT, respectively; session volume loads also differed among protocols. No statistically significant overall condition effects were detected for relative peak vertical force (p = 0.348), mean positive vertical impulse (p = 0.262), CMJ jump height (p = 0.969), CMJ modified reactive strength index (p = 0.894), or SJ jump height (p = 0.740). The present study found that VBT resulted in fewer completed repetitions and lower session volume load than PBT and RIR. No significant between-protocol differences were detected in session-level mechanical output or immediate postexercise jump responses.