This study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of the glycolic extract of G. sylvestre against anaerobic pathogens, along with its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant effects, and phytochemical composition. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, while the antioxidant effect was assessed through a DPPH assay. Antimicrobial action was tested on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7), rat fibroblasts (L929), and human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Anti-inflammatory effects were measured by an immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) on RAW 264.7 cells. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The extract demonstrated a reduction of over 95% in biofilms of P. gingivalis, P. micra, and F. nucleatum within 5 min of treatment. Cell viability (HaCaT) remained above 80%. Antioxidant activity showed an EC50 of 353.43 µg/mL, achieving a 50% reduction in free radicals. A significant decrease in TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and an increase in IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) were observed. In conclusion, the extract of G. sylvestre exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic agent for treating anaerobic infections, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Oral Candida infections result from the overgrowth of this opportunistic fungus in the oral mucosa. Risk factors include immunosuppression, antibiotic or corticosteroid use, xerostomia, and conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Fungal resistance in Candida spp. has become a significant challenge, especially due to the excessive use of conventional antifungals such as azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the spectrum of antifungal activity of Juglans regia and assess its cytotoxicity on hepatocytes. Thus, a broth microdilution test was conducted according to the CLSI (M27-A3) guidelines. After initial screening, biofilm tests were conducted using the crystal violet (CV) and metabolic activity assays (MTT). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on human hepatocytes (HEPG2). The J. regia extract showed dose-dependent antifungal activity. At a concentration of 200 mg/mL, inhibition was greater according to the CV test in Candida albicans (31%) and Candida tropicalis (30.4%), while the MTT assay indicated a greater reduction in viability in C. albicans (61%) and C. glabrata (53.5%). At 100 mg/mL, C. albicans remained sensitive (37.7% CV; 71.6% MTT), while C. krusei and C. dubliniensis showed low viability by MTT (18.4% and 11.8%, respectively). At 50 mg/mL, C. albicans remained affected (74.3% MTT), but C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, and C. guilliermondii showed the lowest viability values (≤19.4% MTT), suggesting greater sensitivity to lower concentrations. These results indicate variation in susceptibility between species, with C. albicans being consistently inhibited, while C. krusei and C. dubliniensis responded better to lower doses. The extract showed cytocompatibility when applied to human hepatoma cells (HEPG2) and therefore holds significant potential for developing a new therapeutic approach.

Levantamento farmacoepidemiológico de antibióticos dispensados em um bairro da zona leste de São José dos Campos/SP/ Pharmacoepidemiological Survey of Antibiotics Dispensed in a Neighborhouse in the East Zone of São José Dos Campos / SP

Levantamento farmacoepidemiológico de antibióticos dispensados em um bairro da zona leste de São José dos Campos/SP/ Pharmacoepidemiological Survey of Antibiotics Dispensed in a Neighborhouse in the East Zone of São José Dos Campos / SP