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Trolleybus transport refers to contemporary challenges related to a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases and CO2 into the atmosphere formulated by international institutions, such as the United Nations, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, or the European Union. Departure from fossil fuels in urban transport is one of the key challenges for the coming years. Trolleybuses are an important tool in this task, even though their importance was declining in the past. Nowadays, due to, among others, technological development, in particular the availability of high-capacity batteries, their long life and low weight, trolleybus transport is becoming popular again. The use of the existing overhead contact infrastructure of the trolleybus network and small on-board batteries allow expanding the spatial accessibility of zero-emission public transport. Thus, this reduces the social differentiation in access to environmentally friendly transport that does not emit pollutants at the place of operation. The article presents possibilities of using on-board batteries in shaping trolleybus connections with the optimal use of the existing overhead contact lines (OHL). It presents a procedure that allows for the evaluation of the extent to which the OHL should cover the routes of bus lines in order to qualify for trolleybus service in the In-Motion-Charging (IMC) technology. Analysis of the literature shows inadequate scientific studies on combining the advantages of overhead wiring and the development of on-board battery technology in popularising zero-emission transport. This article addresses the key issues related to the use of partially autonomous trolleybuses.
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Marcin Połom. Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia. Energies 2021, 14, 2971 .
AMA StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk, Marcin Połom. Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2971.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Marcin Połom. 2021. "Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia." Energies 14, no. 10: 2971.
The current developments in onboard power source technology, in particular, traction batteries, open up new potential in trolleybus transport and also make it possible to introduce electric buses. Thus far, trolleybus transport has required the presence of overhead lines (OHL). Introducing trolleybuses with onboard batteries makes it possible to grow the zero-emissions transport network in places with limited power supply capabilities and low population density, or in places where building OHL would not be possible. This improves the efficiency of trolleybus transport and makes environmentally friendly public transport more accessible to the local citizens. Despite their obvious advantages, traction batteries can also be problematic, as the drivers may overuse them (e.g., in the event of pantograph failure), and the public transport authorities and transport companies may plan connections in an ineffective way without preparing the necessary infrastructure (the absence of slipways or automatic connection capabilities), which in turn leads to inefficient use of the OHL. The article outlines the operation of the trolleybus transport network in Gdynia. The use of traction batteries in regular connections is analysed, and the potential for electrification of the bus line, some sections of which follow the traction infrastructure, is examined.
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Marcin Połom. Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 61 .
AMA StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk, Marcin Połom. Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia. Infrastructures. 2021; 6 (4):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Marcin Połom. 2021. "Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia." Infrastructures 6, no. 4: 61.
Night charging and fast charging are currently the two most common systems for charging electric buses. Despite the fact that numerous trial installations were started, neither of these two systems has obtained unqualified approval of the users. The alternative is to charge vehicles in motion - dynamic charging which combines the advantages of trolleybus transport and of electric buses. One of the advantages is the reduction of risks associated with the electrification of urban transport. The investment in the construction of the traction network allows you to reduce the costs associated with the purchase and replacement of traction batteries, as well as increase the flexibility of the transport system. The article presents the financial benefits resulting from the use of a dynamic charging system.
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Marcin Połom. Dynamic Charging of Electric Buses as a Way to Reduce Investment Risks of Urban Transport System Electrification. Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure 2020, 297 -308.
AMA StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk, Marcin Połom. Dynamic Charging of Electric Buses as a Way to Reduce Investment Risks of Urban Transport System Electrification. Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure. 2020; ():297-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Marcin Połom. 2020. "Dynamic Charging of Electric Buses as a Way to Reduce Investment Risks of Urban Transport System Electrification." Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure , no. : 297-308.
An important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related to the reduction of energy demand of means of transport. It is particularly important for battery vehicles, powered from an energy source with a very limited capacity. The article presents the analysis of the influence of air temperature on the energy consumption of electric traction carried out on the basis of the real data measurement analysis. The relation between the ambient temperature and the demand for heating power was determined quantitatively. The impact of traffic delays on auxiliaries energy consumption was analyzed and it was shown, that traffic congestion can result in 60% overall energy consumption increase. Presented researches also refer to the relationship between the bus charging cycle (night charging, opportunity fast charging) and the optimal value of energy consumption, which should be assumed for energy calculations. Depending on the charging mode, the differences can reach up to 50%. In the final part of the article, different methods of optimization of non-traction needs systems were compared.
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Robert Kołacz. The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 252, 119776 .
AMA StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk, Robert Kołacz. The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 252 ():119776.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk; Robert Kołacz. 2019. "The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation." Journal of Cleaner Production 252, no. : 119776.
Night charging and fast charging are currently the two most common systems for charging electric buses. Despite the fact that numerous trial installations were started, neither of these two systems has obtained unqualified approval of the users. The alternative is to charge vehicles in motion - dynamic charging which combines the advantages of trolleybus transport and of electric buses. One of the advantages is the reduction of risks associated with the electrification of urban transport. The investment in the construction of the traction network allows you to reduce the costs associated with the purchase and replacement of traction batteries, as well as increase the flexibility of the transport system. The article presents the financial benefits resulting from the use of a dynamic charging system.
Mikolaj Bartlomiejczyk. DYMANIC CHATGING OF ELECTRIC BUSES - THE ELEMENT EMOBILITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ ТА ТРАНСПОРТІ 2019, 1, 5 -8.
AMA StyleMikolaj Bartlomiejczyk. DYMANIC CHATGING OF ELECTRIC BUSES - THE ELEMENT EMOBILITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ ТА ТРАНСПОРТІ. 2019; 1 (12):5-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikolaj Bartlomiejczyk. 2019. "DYMANIC CHATGING OF ELECTRIC BUSES - THE ELEMENT EMOBILITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION." СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ ТА ТРАНСПОРТІ 1, no. 12: 5-8.
Nowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by improving the usage of regenerative breaking. In 2016 the Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Trolejbusowej (PKT, Trolleybus Transport Company) in Gdynia began practical implementation of Smart Grid solutions within its trolleybus network. These activities constitute an element of the project ELIPTIC, realised by PKT within the scientific research fund Horizon 2020. The first stage of implementing intelligent network solutions was completed in 2016, and further activities are planned for the next few years. This paper presents a review of Smart Grid solutions which can be implemented in urban traction supply systems, describes the PKT experience concerning the implementation of Smart Grid solutions in trolleybus network supply system to date.
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk. SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT. Transport 2018, 33, 1144 -1154.
AMA StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk. SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT. Transport. 2018; 33 (5):1144-1154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk. 2018. "SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT." Transport 33, no. 5: 1144-1154.
The issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming the key area of interest. By improving of driving techniques and the implementation of eco-driving, it is possible to save electric energy. Systems that help to decrease energy consumption and to reduce fuel emissions are becoming popular in vehicles powered by diesel engines. However, these methods have not yet gained popularity in electric vehicles. Therefore, determining the impact of individual parameters on energy consumption is a very important task. This paper presents a novel method of analysis and optimization of electric bus driving parameters based on measurements and the MCDA method. I present data analysis of vehicle data logger recordings using the most important PCA extracted factors. The influence of several factors was estimated.
Mikolaj Bartlomiejczyk. Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2018, 20, 1442 -1451.
AMA StyleMikolaj Bartlomiejczyk. Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2018; 20 (4):1442-1451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikolaj Bartlomiejczyk. 2018. "Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 20, no. 4: 1442-1451.
The paper presents a novel approach toward the use of solar energy systems in public transportation. The concept of energy generation in PV systems for supplying a trolleybus transportation system is proposed for the city of Gdynia (Poland). The suggested way of energy production allows reducing the environmental harm impact of the municipal transportation system. Moreover, the proposed way of green energy use can be a more profitable alternative for selling transport items (trolleybuses) to the public energy grid. The presented analysis is based on the Monte Carlo Model method of stochastic simulation. It allows taking in consideration the random nature of the vehicle movement caused by road congestion and the uncertainty of the solar radiation. Several localisations of the PV system and the different structures of traction supply systems were analysed. The results of the analyses showed that despite of the uneven load in the traction power supply, it is possible to use 80% of the generated solar system energy.
Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk. Potential Application of Solar Energy Systems for Electrified Urban Transportation Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 954 .
AMA StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk. Potential Application of Solar Energy Systems for Electrified Urban Transportation Systems. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Bartłomiejczyk. 2018. "Potential Application of Solar Energy Systems for Electrified Urban Transportation Systems." Energies 11, no. 4: 954.