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This paper addresses the problem of optimizing the voltage profile of radially-operated distribution systems by acting on the active and reactive powers provided by distributed energy resources (DERs). A novel voltage optimization procedure is proposed by adopting a decentralized control strategy. To this aim, a centralized voltage optimization problem (VOP), minimizing the distance of all the nodal voltages from their reference values, is firstly formulated as a strictly-convex quadratic program. Then, the centralized VOP is rewritten by partitioning the network into voltage control zones (VCZs) with pilot nodes. To overcome the lack of strictly convexity determined by the reduction to the pilot nodes, the dual centralized VOP working on the augmented Lagrangian function is reformulated and iteratively solved by the method of multipliers. Finally, a fully-distributed VOP solution is obtained by applying a distributed algorithm based on the auxiliary problem principle, which allows for solving in each VCZ a quadratic programming problem of small dimension and to drive the VCZ solutions toward the overall optimum by an iterative coordination process that requires to exchange among the VCZs only scalar values. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method have been demonstrated via numerical tests on the IEEE 123-bus system.
Anna Di Fazio; Chiara Risi; Mario Russo; Michele De Santis. Decentralized Voltage Optimization Based on the Auxiliary Problem Principle in Distribution Networks with DERs. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4509 .
AMA StyleAnna Di Fazio, Chiara Risi, Mario Russo, Michele De Santis. Decentralized Voltage Optimization Based on the Auxiliary Problem Principle in Distribution Networks with DERs. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (10):4509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Di Fazio; Chiara Risi; Mario Russo; Michele De Santis. 2021. "Decentralized Voltage Optimization Based on the Auxiliary Problem Principle in Distribution Networks with DERs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10: 4509.
Most industrial trucks are equipped with hydraulic systems designed for specific operations, for which the required power is supplied by the internal combustion engine (ICE). The largest share of the power consumption is required by the hydraulic system during idling operations, and, consequently, the current literature focuses on energy saving strategies for the hydraulic system rather than making the vehicle traction more efficient. This study presents the preliminary realization of an electric-powered hydraulic pump system (e-HPS) that drives the lifting of the dumpster and the garbage compaction in a waste compactor truck, rather than traditional ICE-driven hydraulic pump systems (ICE-HPSs). The different components of the e-HPS are described and the battery pack was modelled using the kinetic battery model. The end-of-life of the battery pack was determined to assess the economic feasibility of the proposed e-HPS for the truck lifespan, using numerical simulations. The aim was twofold: to provide an implementation method to retrofit the e-HPS to a conventional waste compactor truck and to assess its economic feasibility, investigating fuel savings during the use phase and the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. Results show that the total lifespan cost saving achieved a value of 65,000 €. Furthermore, total CO2 emissions for the e-HPS were about 80% lower than those of the ICE-HPS, highlighting that the e-HPS can provide significant environmental benefits in an urban context.
Michele De Santis; Luca Silvestri; Antonio Forcina; Gianpaolo Di Bona; Anna Di Fazio. Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3033 .
AMA StyleMichele De Santis, Luca Silvestri, Antonio Forcina, Gianpaolo Di Bona, Anna Di Fazio. Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele De Santis; Luca Silvestri; Antonio Forcina; Gianpaolo Di Bona; Anna Di Fazio. 2021. "Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3033.
Buildings are responsible for over 30% of global final energy consumption and nearly 40% of total CO2 emissions. Thus, rapid penetration of renewable energy technologies (RETs) in this sector is required. Integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into residential buildings should not only guarantee an overall neutral energy balance over long term horizon (nZEB concept), but also provide a higher flexibility, a real-time monitoring and a real time interaction with end-users (smart-building concept). Thus, increasing interest is being given to the concepts of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) and Multi-Energy Buildings, in which several renewable and nonrenewable energy systems, the energy networks and the energy demand optimally interact with each other at various levels, exploring all possible interactions between systems and vectors (electricity, heat, cooling, fuels, transport) without them being treated separately. In this context, the present paper gives an overview of functional integration of HRES in Multi-Energy Buildings evidencing the numerous problems and potentialities related to the application of HRESs in the residential building sector. Building-integrated HRESs with at least two RESs (i.e., wind–solar, solar–geothermal and solar–biomass) are considered. The most applied HRES solutions in the residential sector are presented, and integration of HRES with thermal and electrical loads in residential buildings connected to external multiple energy grids is investigated. Attention is focused on the potentialities that functional integration can offer in terms of flexibility services to the energy grids. New holistic approaches to the management problems and more complex architectures for the optimal control are described.
Laura Canale; Anna Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Andrea Frattolillo; Marco Dell’Isola. An Overview on Functional Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Multi-Energy Buildings. Energies 2021, 14, 1078 .
AMA StyleLaura Canale, Anna Di Fazio, Mario Russo, Andrea Frattolillo, Marco Dell’Isola. An Overview on Functional Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Multi-Energy Buildings. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1078.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Canale; Anna Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Andrea Frattolillo; Marco Dell’Isola. 2021. "An Overview on Functional Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Multi-Energy Buildings." Energies 14, no. 4: 1078.
Photovoltaic systems (PVSs) are among the most diffuse Distributed Generators based on renewable energy sources. PVSs contribute to the short-circuit currents during a fault, modifying the short-circuit capacity of the distribution systems. Then, the contribution of PVSs to the fault current must be adequately modeled to extend the traditional short-circuit analysis to distribution networks with PVSs. In this paper an analytical model based on the phase-coordinates approach is proposed to evaluate the fault contributions of three-phase PVSs connected to unbalanced distribution networks in presence of symmetrical and asymmetrical shunt short-circuits, with and without fault impedance. The model of the PVS takes into account the environmental conditions, the inverter control system, the maximum current that can flow through the inverter switching devices, the filter, the interface transformer and the self-protections imposed by the Standard IEEE 1547. Both a first cycles and a steady-state model of the PVS are developed accounting for inverter control systems equipped with VAr or LVRT control schemes or inverter control system without reactive power regulation. The model of the PVS is applied to a typical North American MV network and the results of the proposed approach are compared with time-domain simulations.
G. Carpinelli; A. Bracale; P. Caramia; A.R. Di Fazio. Three-phase photovoltaic generators modeling in unbalanced short-circuit operating conditions. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2019, 113, 941 -951.
AMA StyleG. Carpinelli, A. Bracale, P. Caramia, A.R. Di Fazio. Three-phase photovoltaic generators modeling in unbalanced short-circuit operating conditions. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2019; 113 ():941-951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Carpinelli; A. Bracale; P. Caramia; A.R. Di Fazio. 2019. "Three-phase photovoltaic generators modeling in unbalanced short-circuit operating conditions." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 113, no. : 941-951.
This paper deals with the problem of the voltage profile optimization in a distribution system including distributed energy resources. Adopting a centralized approach, the voltage optimization is a non-linear programming problem with large number of variables requiring a continuous remote monitoring and data transmission from/to loads and distributed energy resources. In this study, a recently-proposed Jacobian-based linear method is used to model the steady-state operation of the distribution network and to divide the network into voltage control zones so as to reformulate the centralized optimization as a quadratic programming of reduced dimension. New clustering methods for the voltage control zone definition are proposed to consider the dependence of the nodal voltages on both active and reactive powers. Zoning methodologies are firstly tested on a 24-nodes low voltage network and, then, applied to the voltage optimization problem with the aim of analyzing the impact of the R/X ratios on the zone evaluation and on the voltage optimization solution.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Michele De Santis. Zoning Evaluation for Voltage Optimization in Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy Resources. Energies 2019, 12, 390 .
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Mario Russo, Michele De Santis. Zoning Evaluation for Voltage Optimization in Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy Resources. Energies. 2019; 12 (3):390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Michele De Santis. 2019. "Zoning Evaluation for Voltage Optimization in Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy Resources." Energies 12, no. 3: 390.
Linear methods for steady-state analysis of distribution systems are getting more and more important due to the spreading of distributed energy resources, such as distributed generation, storage systems, active demand. This paper proposes a new linear method based on a Jacobian approach for radial distribution network with lateral derivations and distributed energy resources. The set of the linear equations modeling the distribution system is firstly presented and, then, solved in a closed form. It includes the full ππ-model for lines, ZIP model for uncontrolled loads, both P-Q and P-V control for distributed energy resources. The adoption of a peculiar set of modeling variables and the radial topology of the network allows to obtain high accuracy and low computational times. The effectiveness of the method is tested on both a 24-nodes and a 237-nodes network. The method is firstly applied to sensitivity analysis and compared with other linearized methods in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency; then, it is applied to the power flow analysis and compared with the classical non linear load flow.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Sara Valeri; Michele De Santis. Linear method for steady-state analysis of radial distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2018, 99, 744 -755.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Mario Russo, Sara Valeri, Michele De Santis. Linear method for steady-state analysis of radial distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2018; 99 ():744-755.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Sara Valeri; Michele De Santis. 2018. "Linear method for steady-state analysis of radial distribution systems." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 99, no. : 744-755.
Distribution systems are undergoing significant changes as they evolve toward the grids of the future, which are known as smart grids (SGs). The perspective of SGs is to facilitate large-scale penetration of distributed generation using renewable energy sources (RESs), encourage the efficient use of energy, reduce systems’ losses, and improve the quality of power. Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become one of the most promising RESs due to the expected cost reduction and the increased efficiency of PV panels and interfacing converters. The ability to forecast power-production information accurately and reliably is of primary importance for the appropriate management of an SG and for making decisions relative to the energy market. Several forecasting methods have been proposed, and many indices have been used to quantify the accuracy of the forecasts of PV power production. Unfortunately, the indices that have been used have deficiencies and usually do not directly account for the economic consequences of forecasting errors in the framework of liberalized electricity markets. In this paper, advanced, more accurate indices are proposed that account directly for the economic consequences of forecasting errors. The proposed indices also were compared to the most frequently used indices in order to demonstrate their different, improved capability. The comparisons were based on the results obtained using a forecasting method based on an artificial neural network. This method was chosen because it was deemed to be one of the most promising methods available due to its capability for forecasting PV power. Numerical applications also are presented that considered an actual PV plant to provide evidence of the forecasting performances of all of the indices that were considered.
Antonio Bracale; Guido Carpinelli; Annarita Di Fazio; Shahab Khormali. Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power. ENERGYO 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAntonio Bracale, Guido Carpinelli, Annarita Di Fazio, Shahab Khormali. Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power. ENERGYO. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Bracale; Guido Carpinelli; Annarita Di Fazio; Shahab Khormali. 2018. "Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power." ENERGYO , no. : 1.
In the smart grid paradigm, the reactive power control of distributed energy resources (DERs) plays a key role improving the voltage profile in the distribution systems. This topic has been addressed by previous papers in which the Optimal Set-Point Design (OSPD) of DER reactive control, based on a decentralized approach, has been developed. The OSPD determines the set point of a reactive power closed-loop regulation scheme according to an optimization strategy. After briefly recalling the OSPD procedure, the article presents validation studies aiming at testing the effectiveness of the OSPD. The validation is based on a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation facility. In particular, an experimental setup has been arranged and presented, in which the system is simulated using the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), while the OSPD has been implemented on a PC in the LabView environment. The OSPD has been developed by considering two different optimization objectives, namely the feeder voltage profile optimization and the distribution losses minimization. The achieved results are then presented and also compared with the ones obtained a classical regulation scheme.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation. ENERGYO 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Giuseppe Fusco, Mario Russo. Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation. ENERGYO. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. 2018. "Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation." ENERGYO , no. : 1.
A key issue in Low Voltage(LV) distribution systems is to identify strategies for the optimal management and control in the presence of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). To reduce the number of variables to be monitored and controlled, virtual levels of aggregation, called Virtual Microgrids (VMs), are introduced and identified by using new models of the distribution system. To this aim, this paper, revisiting and improving the approach outlined in a conference paper, presents a sensitivity-based model of an LV distribution system, supplied by a Medium/Low Voltage (MV/LV) substation and composed by several feeders, which is suitable for the optimal management and control of the grid and for VM definition. The main features of the proposed method are: it evaluates the sensitivity coefficients in a closed form; it provides an overview of the sensitivity of the network to the variations of each DER connected to the grid; and it presents a limited computational burden. A comparison of the proposed method with both the exact load flow solutions and a perturb-and-observe method is discussed in a case study. Finally, the method is used to evaluate the impact of the DERs on the nodal voltages of the network.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Sara Valeri; Michele De Santis. Sensitivity-Based Model of Low Voltage Distribution Systems with Distributed Energy Resources. Energies 2016, 9, 801 .
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Mario Russo, Sara Valeri, Michele De Santis. Sensitivity-Based Model of Low Voltage Distribution Systems with Distributed Energy Resources. Energies. 2016; 9 (10):801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Sara Valeri; Michele De Santis. 2016. "Sensitivity-Based Model of Low Voltage Distribution Systems with Distributed Energy Resources." Energies 9, no. 10: 801.
Reliable detection of islanded operation is essential in distribution systems with large penetration of the distributed generation. Commonly-used protections present performance limitations in terms of sensitivity and stability. To overcome such limitations, this study proposes to enrich classical protections by adding a passive islanding detector based on a new method. It adopts a linear representation of the low voltage distribution system, referred to as Thevenin-like model. On the basis of the voltage and current measures at the detector installation point, two model parameters are estimated and are used to distinguish islanded from grid-connected operation. The proposed detector presents high sensitivity and reliability, does not require expert tuning, can be installed in different points of the distribution system and is economically viable. Numerical analysis and simulations, evidence the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. Islanding detection method based on a Thevenin‐like model. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2015, 9, 1747 -1754.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Giuseppe Fusco, Mario Russo. Islanding detection method based on a Thevenin‐like model. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2015; 9 (13):1747-1754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. 2015. "Islanding detection method based on a Thevenin‐like model." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 9, no. 13: 1747-1754.
The growth of penetration of Distributed Generators (DGs) is increasing the risk of unwanted islanded operation in Low Voltage (LV) distribution systems. In this scenario, the existing anti-islanding protection systems, installed at the DG premises and based on classical voltage and frequency relays, are no longer effective, especially in the cases of islands characterized by a close match between generation and load. In this paper, a new protection system for islanding detection in LV distribution systems is proposed. The classical voltage and frequency relays in the DG interface protections are enriched with an innovative Smart Islanding Detector, which adopts a new passive islanding detection method. The aim is to keep the advantages of the classical relays while overcoming the problem of their limited sensitivity in detecting balanced islands. In the paper, to define the requirements of the anti-islanding protection system, the events causing the islanded operation of the LV distribution systems are firstly identified and classified. Then, referring to proposed protection system, its architecture and operation are described and, eventually, its performance is analyzed and validated by experimental laboratory tests, carried out with a hardware-in-the-loop technique.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Sara Valeri. A New Protection System for Islanding Detection in LV Distribution Systems. Energies 2015, 8, 3775 -3793.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Mario Russo, Sara Valeri. A New Protection System for Islanding Detection in LV Distribution Systems. Energies. 2015; 8 (5):3775-3793.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo; Sara Valeri. 2015. "A New Protection System for Islanding Detection in LV Distribution Systems." Energies 8, no. 5: 3775-3793.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. Smart DER control for minimizing power losses in distribution feeders. Electric Power Systems Research 2014, 109, 71 -79.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Giuseppe Fusco, Mario Russo. Smart DER control for minimizing power losses in distribution feeders. Electric Power Systems Research. 2014; 109 ():71-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. 2014. "Smart DER control for minimizing power losses in distribution feeders." Electric Power Systems Research 109, no. : 71-79.
In the smart grid paradigm, the reactive power control of distributed energy resources (DERs) plays a key role improving the voltage profile in the distribution systems. This topic has been addressed by previous papers in which the Optimal Set-Point Design (OSPD) of DER reactive control, based on a decentralized approach, has been developed. The OSPD determines the set point of a reactive power closed-loop regulation scheme according to an optimization strategy. After briefly recalling the OSPD procedure, the article presents validation studies aiming at testing the effectiveness of the OSPD. The validation is based on a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation facility. In particular, an experimental setup has been arranged and presented, in which the system is simulated using the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), while the OSPD has been implemented on a PC in the LabView environment. The OSPD has been developed by considering two different optimization objectives, namely the feeder voltage profile optimization and the distribution losses minimization. The achieved results are then presented and also compared with the ones obtained a classical regulation scheme.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 2014, 15, 151 -159.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Giuseppe Fusco, Mario Russo. Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems. 2014; 15 (2):151-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. 2014. "Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 2: 151-159.
Distribution systems are undergoing significant changes as they evolve toward the grids of the future, which are known as smart grids (SGs). The perspective of SGs is to facilitate large-scale penetration of distributed generation using renewable energy sources (RESs), encourage the efficient use of energy, reduce systems’ losses, and improve the quality of power. Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become one of the most promising RESs due to the expected cost reduction and the increased efficiency of PV panels and interfacing converters. The ability to forecast power-production information accurately and reliably is of primary importance for the appropriate management of an SG and for making decisions relative to the energy market. Several forecasting methods have been proposed, and many indices have been used to quantify the accuracy of the forecasts of PV power production. Unfortunately, the indices that have been used have deficiencies and usually do not directly account for the economic consequences of forecasting errors in the framework of liberalized electricity markets. In this paper, advanced, more accurate indices are proposed that account directly for the economic consequences of forecasting errors. The proposed indices also were compared to the most frequently used indices in order to demonstrate their different, improved capability. The comparisons were based on the results obtained using a forecasting method based on an artificial neural network. This method was chosen because it was deemed to be one of the most promising methods available due to its capability for forecasting PV power. Numerical applications also are presented that considered an actual PV plant to provide evidence of the forecasting performances of all of the indices that were considered.
Antonio Bracale; Guido Carpinelli; Annarita Di Fazio; Shahab Khormali. Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 2014, 15, 77 -91.
AMA StyleAntonio Bracale, Guido Carpinelli, Annarita Di Fazio, Shahab Khormali. Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems. 2014; 15 (1):77-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Bracale; Guido Carpinelli; Annarita Di Fazio; Shahab Khormali. 2014. "Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 1: 77-91.
In order to increase efficiency in the distribution of electrical energy, optimize energy consumption and increase the percentage of energy from renewable sources, thereby reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the distribution networks and the equipment connected to them should be made more intelligent. The development of the future energy system will be based on planning and management of the distribution system in accordance with the philosophy of Smart grid (SG). This approach involves the extensive use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and innovative control systems in order to enable the realization of smart distribution systems, the active participation of demand, the availability of energy storage, as well as the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and Distributed Generation (DG), as well as the growing number of electric vehicles. In the paper a review of the main current challenges and possible solutions to open problems in the development of smart distribution grids are presented
A. R. Di Fazio; T. Erseghe; E. Ghiani; M. Murroni; P. Siano; F. Silvestro. Integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electrical vehicles with smart power distribution networks. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2013, 4, 663 -671.
AMA StyleA. R. Di Fazio, T. Erseghe, E. Ghiani, M. Murroni, P. Siano, F. Silvestro. Integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electrical vehicles with smart power distribution networks. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 2013; 4 (6):663-671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. R. Di Fazio; T. Erseghe; E. Ghiani; M. Murroni; P. Siano; F. Silvestro. 2013. "Integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electrical vehicles with smart power distribution networks." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 4, no. 6: 663-671.
A new short-term probabilistic forecasting method is proposed to predict the probability density function of the hourly active power generated by a photovoltaic system. Firstly, the probability density function of the hourly clearness index is forecasted making use of a Bayesian auto regressive time series model; the model takes into account the dependence of the solar radiation on some meteorological variables, such as the cloud cover and humidity. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation procedure is used to evaluate the predictive probability density function of the hourly active power by applying the photovoltaic system model to the random sampling of the clearness index distribution. A numerical application demonstrates the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed forecasting method.
Antonio Bracale; Pierluigi Caramia; Guido Carpinelli; Anna Rita Di Fazio; Gabriella Ferruzzi. A Bayesian Method for Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation in Smart Grid Operation and Control. Energies 2013, 6, 733 -747.
AMA StyleAntonio Bracale, Pierluigi Caramia, Guido Carpinelli, Anna Rita Di Fazio, Gabriella Ferruzzi. A Bayesian Method for Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation in Smart Grid Operation and Control. Energies. 2013; 6 (2):733-747.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Bracale; Pierluigi Caramia; Guido Carpinelli; Anna Rita Di Fazio; Gabriella Ferruzzi. 2013. "A Bayesian Method for Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation in Smart Grid Operation and Control." Energies 6, no. 2: 733-747.
This chapter deals with probabilistic approaches for the steady-state analysis (probabilistic load flow) of distribution systems with wind farms. The probabilistic analysis is performed taking into account the randomness of both the distribution system loads and the wind energy production. Several approaches are presented to obtain the probability functions of state and dependent variables (e.g., voltage amplitudes and line flows). These approaches are mainly concentrated on wind farm probabilistic models, using one of the classical probabilistic techniques (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation, convolution process, and special distribution functions) to perform the probabilistic load flow. Numerical applications on a 17-bus balanced test distribution system and on an IEEE 34-bus unbalanced test distribution system are presented and discussed, considering the various wind farm models.
A. Bracale; G. Carpinelli; A. R. Di Fazio; A. Russo. Probabilistic Approaches for the Steady-State Analysis of Distribution Systems with Wind Farms. Electricity Distribution 2013, 245 -282.
AMA StyleA. Bracale, G. Carpinelli, A. R. Di Fazio, A. Russo. Probabilistic Approaches for the Steady-State Analysis of Distribution Systems with Wind Farms. Electricity Distribution. 2013; ():245-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Bracale; G. Carpinelli; A. R. Di Fazio; A. Russo. 2013. "Probabilistic Approaches for the Steady-State Analysis of Distribution Systems with Wind Farms." Electricity Distribution , no. : 245-282.
Numerical simulation is an indispensable tool for studying photovoltaic (PV) systems, to derive component ratings, optimise protections, design controllers as well as to evaluate the impact of embedded generation on distribution system operation. In EMT simulation, the non-linear equations representing the PV generators are separated from the linear equations of the rest of the power system. This technique presents high computational efficiency but introduces a one-step delay, which can cause problems of numerical instability. These problems are particularly evident when the PV generator is represented by multiple single-diode equivalent circuits, such as in the cases of PV generators composed of different types of arrays or subject to partial shading or interfaced by multilevel inverters. To overcome such problems, in this paper a new approach is proposed to include the PV generator model into EMT simulation. A convergence analysis gives proof of the obtained improvements, which are also confirmed by numerical results. The robustness of the proposed technique is tested by simulation of an IEEE benchmark system in the cases of partial shading and of electric faults.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo. Photovoltaic generator modelling to improve numerical robustness of EMT simulation. Electric Power Systems Research 2012, 83, 136 -143.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Mario Russo. Photovoltaic generator modelling to improve numerical robustness of EMT simulation. Electric Power Systems Research. 2012; 83 (1):136-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Mario Russo. 2012. "Photovoltaic generator modelling to improve numerical robustness of EMT simulation." Electric Power Systems Research 83, no. 1: 136-143.
This paper presents modeling guidelines and a benchmark system for power system simulation studies of grid-connected, three-phase, single-stage Photovoltaic (PV) systems that employ a voltage-sourced converter (VSC) as the power processor. The objective of this work is to introduce the main components, operation/protection modes, and control layers/schemes of medium- and high-power PV systems, to assist power engineers in developing circuit-based simulation models for impact assessment studies, analysis, and identification of potential issues with respect to the grid integration of PV systems. Parameter selection, control tuning, and design guidelines are also briefly discussed. The usefulness of the benchmark system is demonstrated through a fairly comprehensive set of test cases, conducted in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. However, the models and techniques presented in this paper are independent of any specific circuit simulation software package. Also, they may not fully conform to the methods exercised by all manufacturers, due to the proprietary nature of the industry.
Amirnaser Yazdani; Anna Rita Di Fazio; Hamidreza Ghoddami; Mario Russo; Mehrdad Kazerani; Juri Jatskevich; Kai Strunz; Sonia Leva; Juan A. Martinez. Modeling Guidelines and a Benchmark for Power System Simulation Studies of Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2010, 26, 1247 -1264.
AMA StyleAmirnaser Yazdani, Anna Rita Di Fazio, Hamidreza Ghoddami, Mario Russo, Mehrdad Kazerani, Juri Jatskevich, Kai Strunz, Sonia Leva, Juan A. Martinez. Modeling Guidelines and a Benchmark for Power System Simulation Studies of Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2010; 26 (2):1247-1264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmirnaser Yazdani; Anna Rita Di Fazio; Hamidreza Ghoddami; Mario Russo; Mehrdad Kazerani; Juri Jatskevich; Kai Strunz; Sonia Leva; Juan A. Martinez. 2010. "Modeling Guidelines and a Benchmark for Power System Simulation Studies of Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 26, no. 2: 1247-1264.
In MV distribution systems it is very important to account for the impact of Distributed Generation (DG) on the nodal voltage profile. A key issue is to guarantee adequate performance of the voltage control system acting on the On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of the HV/MV transformer. Referring to the case of a distribution system with the DG connected at a single node, a simple but effective OLTC control scheme is proposed to account for both load and DG variations. It keeps the classical structure of the OLTC control system, using only local measurements of voltage and current at transformer MV terminals, and avoiding data exchange with DG. To this aim, the effects of the changes of loads and of DG power injection must be distinguished and separately evaluated. The present paper focuses on the problem of estimating distributed generation and loads and proposes a specific procedure. Numerical simulations of a basic case study are presented to give evidence of the performance of the estimating procedure.
Anna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. Estimating Distributed Generation and Loads for Voltage Profile Optimal Regulation. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2009, 42, 446 -451.
AMA StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio, Giuseppe Fusco, Mario Russo. Estimating Distributed Generation and Loads for Voltage Profile Optimal Regulation. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2009; 42 (9):446-451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Rita Di Fazio; Giuseppe Fusco; Mario Russo. 2009. "Estimating Distributed Generation and Loads for Voltage Profile Optimal Regulation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 9: 446-451.