The aim of this study is to theoretically confirm or refute the high degree of lead and zinc volatilisation from the Shalkiya deposit (polymetallic refractory ores) by means of analysing the phase diagrams and the behaviour of the osmotic coefficient according to the Bjerrum-Guggenheim equation along the liquidus line for binary systems based on calcium. From the plots depicting the dependence of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient on activity, one can infer the structure of the melt (positive 1). That is, if the values of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient in a binary system indicate a positive character of interaction between the components, it implies interaction between like atoms in the melt, whereas negative values indicate interaction between unlike atoms, suggesting the formation of complex, high-temperature compounds, which would be undesirable in our case. The question related to the formation of complex high-temperature chemical compounds with impurity elements such as zinc and lead in the Fe-Si-Al-Ca-Mg-Zn-Pb system remains unresolved.

This article is devoted to the development of a combined sulfation method (CSM) for processing low-grade copper-sulfide concentrates with a copper grade of 0.34–3.5%. The relevance of the study is driven by the depletion of Kazakhstan’s high-grade copper deposits and the need to incorporate off-balance sulfide raw materials into processing. CSM is based on the spatial separation of two thermally coupled zones in the filter bed of a shaft furnace: a zone of endothermic sulfation of sulfide minerals with ammonium hydrosulfate at 360–650 °C and a zone of exothermic oxidative roasting of residual sulfur at 640–660 °C. Excess oxidation heat compensates for the thermal losses of sulfation, ensuring an autogenous process without sintering of the charge. Flotation enrichment of off-balance ore from the Annenskoye deposit yielded a concentrate with a Cu grade of 7.59% and a copper recovery of 89.13–92.13%. Thermodynamic modeling was used to validate the temperature conditions for sulfation of individual minerals, and analytical relationships were developed for calculating reagent consumption and sulfur distribution. Laboratory tests confirmed the adequacy of the calculation model; the discrepancy between calculated and experimental data did not exceed 1.5%. The feasibility of regenerating ammonium hydrosulfate and extracting copper from the processed products was demonstrated. A basic flow chart for waste-free processing of low-grade copper-sulfide raw materials was proposed.

Улавливание, хранение и получение товарных продуктов углекислого газа представляют собой чрезвычайно важную проблему для человечества в настоящее время. Ежегодно промышленные предприятия утилизируют около 40 млн. тонн выбросов углекислого газа. Из них большая часть газа приходится на долю предприятий по добыче и переработке природного газа. Остальная часть газа используется в производстве строительных материалов, удобрений, железа и его сплавов. Авторами статьи в результате проведения краткого анализа выявлены возникающие задачи при очистке промышленных газов от диоксида углерода и вывода его в виде товарной продукции. Отмечена необходимость расширения ассортимента получаемой продукции, техногенных отходов и природного сырья для использования в качестве хемосорбента для улавливания этого газа. Изучение улавливания диоксида углерода проводили в лабораторных условиях с использованием СО2 из баллона. В качестве исходного хемосорбента использовали реактивный карбонат бария. Готовили пульпу, распределив по двум склянкам Дрекселя. Из баллона в последовательно соединенные склянки подавали диоксид углерода, через ротаметр со скоростью 2мл/сек в течение определенного времени. По истечению времени пульпу фильтровали на лабораторном вакуум-фильтре, сушили и определяли массу нерастворенного осадка. По разнице исходного и остатка карбоната бария расчетным путем определяли его переход в раствор в виде бикарбоната. В статье дана информация о возможности развития такого направления с применением сырьевых источников на основе соединении бария. Ключевые слова: диоксид углерода, карбонат бария, хемосорбция, регенерация, аммиак, пульпа.

This article presents the results of developing a hydrometallurgical method for processing polymetallic sublimates containing arsenic, zinc, copper, and lead. Using sublimates from “BalkhashPolymetal” LLP (Kazakhstan) as an example, the optimal conditions for sulfuric acid leaching were determined as follows: t = 80–85 °C, H₂SO₄ = 25 g/dm³, τ = 60 min. Under these conditions, extraction of arsenic was 93%, zinc 80%, and copper 42% was achieved. Iron(II) hydroxide was used to remove arsenic from the solution, which made it possible to reduce the residual As content in the solution to 0.02 g/L and return approximately 97% of copper to the process cycle. Eh–pH analysis of the Fe–As–Cu–H₂O system confirmed the thermodynamic stability of Fe(II/III) arsenates in the selected pH range 3–5. The obtained results can be used to develop safe and resource-saving technologies for processing technogenic raw materials.