Titanium-manganites of LaLi₂TiMnO₆ and LaNa₂TiMnO₆ were synthesized by the methods of ceramic technology from the oxides of lanthanum, titanium (IV), manganese (III), and the carbonates of lithium and sodium. The types of their syngony and the parameters of their gratings were determined radiographically. The isobaric heat capacities of titanium-manganites were measured with experimental calorimetry in the range of 298.15–673 K. It was found that on the dependence curve of heat capacity versus temperature of C°_p~f(T), for LaLi₂TiMnO₆ at 348 K and 598 K, and LaNa₂TiMnO₆ at 348 K, there are abnormal jumps in heat capacity, probably related to phase transitions of the second kind. Taking into account the temperatures of the phase transitions, the equations of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of titanium-manganites were derived. Their standard entropies were calculated by the ion increments method. Temperature dependences of the thermodynamic functions of S°(T), H°(T)-H°(298.15), and Φ^xx(T) were calculated using the experimental data on heat capacities and the calculated values of the standard entropies. The standard heat capacities of the studied compounds were calculated by the independent methods of ion increments and Debye, the values of which were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The standard enthalpy of the formation of LaLi₂TiMnO₆ and LaNa₂TiMnO₆ was calculated according to the methodology developed by the authors. The conducted electrophysical studies determined the nature of the second-order phase transition and the semiconductor features of their conductivity. Thus, all the above-mentioned data on the experimental and calculated studies of the temperature dependence of heat capacity, the thermodynamic functions to determine a standard enthalpy of formation of LaLi₂TiMnO₆ and LaNa₂TiMnO₆, and the investigation of their electrical properties are absolutely new, and they have no analogues.

The aim of this study is to theoretically confirm or refute the high degree of lead and zinc volatilisation from the Shalkiya deposit (polymetallic refractory ores) by means of analysing the phase diagrams and the behaviour of the osmotic coefficient according to the Bjerrum-Guggenheim equation along the liquidus line for binary systems based on calcium. From the plots depicting the dependence of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient on activity, one can infer the structure of the melt (positive 1). That is, if the values of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient in a binary system indicate a positive character of interaction between the components, it implies interaction between like atoms in the melt, whereas negative values indicate interaction between unlike atoms, suggesting the formation of complex, high-temperature compounds, which would be undesirable in our case. The question related to the formation of complex high-temperature chemical compounds with impurity elements such as zinc and lead in the Fe-Si-Al-Ca-Mg-Zn-Pb system remains unresolved.

В статье представлены результаты экспериментов по разработке технологии получения молибден- и вольфрамсодержащих лигатур методом восстановления оксидов тугоплавких металлов в условиях индукционной плавки. В качестве сырья использованы молибденовый концентрат и оксид вольфрама, восстановителем выступал высокоактивный ферроалюмосиликокальций (ФАСК). Температурный контроль осуществлялся с использованием вольфрам-рениевой термопары, зафиксированы экзотермические пики, отражающие стадии восстановления. Получены опытные образцы лигатур и шлака, проведен химический анализ. В лигатурах зафиксировано содержание до 56% Mo и W. Результаты подтверждают высокую эффективность восстановительного процесса и технологическую перспективность подхода. Отмечена возможность оптимизации параметров плавки и состава шихты с целью увеличения выхода целевого продукта и снижения энергозатрат Мақалада индукциялық балқыту жағдайында отқа төзімді металл оксидтерін тотықсыздандыру әдісімен молибден және вольфрамы бар лигату- раларды алу технологиясын әзірлеу бойынша эксперименттердің нәтижелері келтірілген. Шикізат ретінде Молибден концентраты мен вольфрам оксиді пайдаланылды, тотықсыздандырғыш жоғары белсенді ферроалюмосиликокальций (ФАСК) болды. Температураны бақылау вольфрам-рений термопарасын қолдану арқылы жүзеге асырылды, қалпына келтіру кезеңдерін көрсететін экзотермиялық шыңдар тіркелді. Лигатуралар мен қождардың тәжірибелік үлгілері алынды, химиялық талдау жүргізілді. Нәтижелер қалпына келтіру процесінің жоғары тиімділігін және тәсілдің технологиялық перспективасын растайды. Мақсатты өнімнің шығымдылығын арттыру және энергия шығынын азайту мақсатында балқыту параметрлері мен шихта құрамын оңтайландыру мүмкіндігі атап өтілді The article presents the results of experiments on the development of a technology for producing molybdenum- and tungsten-containing ligatures by reducing refractory metal oxides under induction melting conditions. Molybdenum concentrate and tungsten oxide were used as raw materials, and highly active ferroalumosilicocalcium (FASC) was used as a reducing agent. Temperature control was carried out using a tungsten-rhenium thermocouple, exothermic peaks reflecting the stages of reduction were recorded. Pilot samples of ligatures and slag were obtained, and chemical analysis was carried out. The content of up to 56% Mo and W was recorded in the ligatures. The results confirm the high efficiency of the reduction process and the technological prospects of the approach. The possibility of optimizing the melting parameters and the composition of the charge in order to increase the yield of the target product and reduce energy costs is noted molybdenum, tungsten, ferroaluminosilicocalcium, induction melting, exothermy, refractory metal, silicon-aluminum reducing agents

This article is devoted to the development of a combined sulfation method (CSM) for processing low-grade copper-sulfide concentrates with a copper grade of 0.34–3.5%. The relevance of the study is driven by the depletion of Kazakhstan’s high-grade copper deposits and the need to incorporate off-balance sulfide raw materials into processing. CSM is based on the spatial separation of two thermally coupled zones in the filter bed of a shaft furnace: a zone of endothermic sulfation of sulfide minerals with ammonium hydrosulfate at 360–650 °C and a zone of exothermic oxidative roasting of residual sulfur at 640–660 °C. Excess oxidation heat compensates for the thermal losses of sulfation, ensuring an autogenous process without sintering of the charge. Flotation enrichment of off-balance ore from the Annenskoye deposit yielded a concentrate with a Cu grade of 7.59% and a copper recovery of 89.13–92.13%. Thermodynamic modeling was used to validate the temperature conditions for sulfation of individual minerals, and analytical relationships were developed for calculating reagent consumption and sulfur distribution. Laboratory tests confirmed the adequacy of the calculation model; the discrepancy between calculated and experimental data did not exceed 1.5%. The feasibility of regenerating ammonium hydrosulfate and extracting copper from the processed products was demonstrated. A basic flow chart for waste-free processing of low-grade copper-sulfide raw materials was proposed.

Улавливание, хранение и получение товарных продуктов углекислого газа представляют собой чрезвычайно важную проблему для человечества в настоящее время. Ежегодно промышленные предприятия утилизируют около 40 млн. тонн выбросов углекислого газа. Из них большая часть газа приходится на долю предприятий по добыче и переработке природного газа. Остальная часть газа используется в производстве строительных материалов, удобрений, железа и его сплавов. Авторами статьи в результате проведения краткого анализа выявлены возникающие задачи при очистке промышленных газов от диоксида углерода и вывода его в виде товарной продукции. Отмечена необходимость расширения ассортимента получаемой продукции, техногенных отходов и природного сырья для использования в качестве хемосорбента для улавливания этого газа. Изучение улавливания диоксида углерода проводили в лабораторных условиях с использованием СО2 из баллона. В качестве исходного хемосорбента использовали реактивный карбонат бария. Готовили пульпу, распределив по двум склянкам Дрекселя. Из баллона в последовательно соединенные склянки подавали диоксид углерода, через ротаметр со скоростью 2мл/сек в течение определенного времени. По истечению времени пульпу фильтровали на лабораторном вакуум-фильтре, сушили и определяли массу нерастворенного осадка. По разнице исходного и остатка карбоната бария расчетным путем определяли его переход в раствор в виде бикарбоната. В статье дана информация о возможности развития такого направления с применением сырьевых источников на основе соединении бария. Ключевые слова: диоксид углерода, карбонат бария, хемосорбция, регенерация, аммиак, пульпа.