Policies limit the use of coercive measures as a measure of last resort to protect people from danger. Success of policies can only be determined by registering the use of coercive measures. The reliability of 57 standardized coercive measures was tested. In addition, implementation was investigated of improved registration in a residential care setting. This mixed methods study within a residential care organization for people with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands included 55 living units and 269 residents. Reliability of 57 standardized coercive measures was tested against other informants (colleague staff, trained outside observer) and results were validated by a panel of stakeholders. Second, the implementation of a mandatory routine registration system was investigated by comparing registration of coercive measures to personal files of 30 residents. Registration of coercive measures yielded reliable data for at least 25 out of 57 types of coercive measures. The second part of the study showed widely varying explanations of unreliable data by stakeholders, including knowledge and awareness of coercive measures of support staff and the influence of contextual factors on the encoding of coercive measures. After implementation, 46% of the coercive measures were registered in the registration system. Comprehensive registration of coercive measures by staff neither appeared feasible nor yielded reliable data. Clearly, multidisciplinary discussion among support staff and professionals is needed to decide whether care practices are restrictive or not. Further research should focus on how these considerations can lead to a reliable and meaningful registration.

Objectives Studies on the co-occurrence, ‘clustering’ of health and other risk behaviours among immigrants from non-industrialised countries lack until now. The aim of this study was to compare this clustering in immigrant and indigenous adults. Methods A representative sample (N = 2,982; response 71%) of the Dutch population aged 19–40, with 247 respondents from non-industrialized countries (Turkey, Morocco, Surinam, Netherlands Antilles), was asked about health behaviours (alcohol, smoking, drugs, unsafe sex, exercise, nutrition, sleep behaviour, traffic behaviour), and about rule-breaking behaviour and aggression. Data were collected using internet questionnaires, which excluded respondents unable to read Dutch. Results Among indigenous adults, health and risk behaviours co-occur in three clusters (alcohol, health-enhancing behaviour, and rule-breaking behaviour), whereas among immigrant groups two clusters were found (alcohol and rule-breaking behaviour/smoking). Differences mostly concerned health-enhancing behaviours such as nutrition, which was not part of any cluster, and physical activity. Conclusions This supports an integrated promotion of healthier lifestyles to immigrants who are able to read Dutch. Regarding potentially risky behaviours like alcohol use and rule-breaking behaviours, this could be similar to that for indigenous people.

High levels of aggressive behavior in children with mild intellectual disabilities to borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF) are associated with deviant social information processing (SIP) steps. The current study investigated deviant SIP as a mediating mechanism linking both children's normative beliefs about aggression and parenting to aggressive behavior in children with MID-BIF. Additionally, the mediating role of normative beliefs about aggression in linking parenting and deviant SIP was investigated. 140 children with MID-BIF in community care in the Netherlands, their parent(s) or caretaker(s), and their teacher participated in this cross-sectional study. Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediations. Models were run separately for parent and teacher reports of aggression, and included three deviant SIP steps (interpretation, response generation, response selection). A total indirect effect through deviant SIP steps was found from normative beliefs about aggression to teacher-reported aggression, but not to parent-reported aggression. An indirect effect was found from positive parenting through normative beliefs about aggression to deviant SIP. The results of this study suggest that, next to deviant SIP and parenting, normative beliefs about aggression may be a relevant intervention target for children with MID-BIF and aggressive behavior.

There are concerns about parents’ parenting skills with intellectual disabilities. However, it is reported that parents with intellectual disabilities show good enough parenting if they are supported effectively and in line with their needs. This scoping review identifies and critically evaluates preventive interventions for parents with intellectual disabilities and a cumulation of multiple and complex problems that aim to prepare them for good enough parenting. Six interventions were identified, with preliminary to strong indications of effectiveness. Although none of the interventions focused on all conditions of good enough parenting and only one intervention incorporated all seven key elements to effectively work with parents with intellectual disabilities, the limited evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions suggests that significant and societally relevant effects on parents’ knowledge and skills can be attained. This suggests that more comprehensive early preventive interventions with rigorous evaluations can have a significant impact.

Background: This study examined the paternal role of fathers from families headed by parents with intellectual disabilities, their views and their barriers and facilitators in fulfilling this role.Method: Nine fathers of families headed by parents with intellectual disabilities and 14 professionals were interviewed. Transcriptions were coded using a framework analysis.Results: Fathers find their paternal role important and want to fulfil it by providing for the family, doing activities and teaching their child. However, they are hampered in fulfilling their paternal role due to several barriers at the family, professional and societal levels. Facilitators are co‐parenting, recognising fathers in parenting support, working relations and supporting parents in roles and rights.Conclusion: The awareness of the importance of the paternal role in parenting should increase. Professionals should support both mothers and fathers in fulfilling their parental roles to improve parental rights and the development and well‐being of their children.

Families with intellectual disabilities are overrepresented in child protection systems. However, little is known about how adverse experiences co-occur in this population. This study examined the prevalence and interrelations of original and extended adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and contextual child and family variables in families with intellectual disabilities under family supervision orders (FSOs). We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional analysis of 128 Dutch case files concerning children aged 0-17 under an FSO, using structured codebooks. Children were exposed to M = 4.4 original ACEs (SD = 2.0); 66.4% experienced four or more. Extended ACEs (e.g., out-of-home placement) and family risk factors (e.g., parental mental health problems, limited social support) were common. Several significant interrelations emerged across child, parent, and resource domains. Findings highlight the need to address co-occurring adversities across family contexts when developing ACE-informed strategies in child protection settings.