Objective: Endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunctions, can significantly impact bone metabolism and structure. This study aimed to assess mandibular trabecular architecture in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism using fractal dimension (FD) and histogram analyses (HA), comparing the findings with a healthy control group. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed panoramic radiographs from 200 individuals, comprising 40 patients in each of the four endocrine disorder groups and 40 healthy controls. Fractal dimension and histogram-based pixel intensity analyses were conducted using ImageJ™ (version 1.53) software. Four standardized regions of interest (ROI) were evaluated on the right mandible, and statistical comparisons were conducted across groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, Mann–Whitney U, and Spearman correlation analyses. Results: Age and gender distributions did not differ significantly between groups. FD analysis revealed a significant reduction at ROI1 in the hyperthyroidism group compared to controls (p = 0.018); however, no other significant FD differences were observed among the remaining groups or ROIs. A significant positive correlation was found between FD and histogram values at ROI1 and ROI2 (p < 0.001), while pixel intensity values did not differ significantly across groups in any ROI. Conclusion: Although no significant differences were found in diabetic groups, the decreased FD in hyperthyroid patients suggests that FD analysis may be a useful non-invasive method to detect subtle bone alterations. Further research with larger sample sizes and comprehensive biochemical analyses are needed to confirm these findings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate expectation, attitude, and preconceptions regarding dental implant therapy among a selected sample group of dental patients who applied for implant treatment.Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out using a questionnaire with 132 patients who applied for implant treatment. The study questionnaire contained 20 multiple-choice questions on the patients’ demographics, sources of information, knowledge, attitude, expectations, and related factors regarding dental implant treatment.Results: Majority of the patients stated that they did not have enough knowledge about implant treatment procedure to be applied. Of the patients, 23.5% thought that the implant would be used for a lifetime, 56.8% thought that post-implant care should be like the natural teeth care, 36.4% stated that implants need more care than natural teeth. They stated that the major disadvantages of implant treatment were the high cost (53.0%), difficulty in treatment (28.0%), and long treatment time (18.9%). It was determined that the main reason for the delay was the high cost of the treatment. As education level rose, the preference for a removable denture decreased (p<0.05)Conclusion: According to the results we obtained from a limited sample, patients may have misinformation and incomplete expectation about implant therapy. Informing and educating the patients is very important for deciding which treatment to pursue and setting realistic patient expectations regarding treatment outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with finite element analysis (FEA). Material and Methods: 5 and 10 mm mandibular setback and advancement were applied to models by using SSRO and a control model without osteotomy evaluated. The articular disc was modeled as superelastic, and the stresses on the articular fossa, disc, and condyle were evaluated. Results: The stresses on the cartilage were 1.150 MPa on the 5 mm advancement model and 1.506 MPa on the 10 mm advancement model. The stresses on the disc were 11.56 MPa on the 5 mm advancement model, 7.94 MPa on the 10 mm advancement model and the amount were significantly higher than other models. The stress, especially in the cartilage, increased with the amount of advancement. In the setback models, the stresses on the condylar cartilage and the disc were higher than in the control model, and the stress in the condylar cartilage increased with the amount of setback. Conclusion: SSRO increases the stresses in the TMJ components and stresses increase depending on the amount of advancement and setback and may cause the development of joint problems.