There is substantial evidence of rising prevalence of overweight and obesity and its co-morbidities among children in western-high income developed countries. In the European Union, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing fastest among Polish children. Yet, there is paucity of evidence on the relationship of behavioral factors with body weight status of children in Poland. This study examined the association of obesity with physical fitness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet among Polish children. A total of 641 children (10–15 years) recruited from the Lower Silesia region of Poland participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants’ anthropometrics, physical fitness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and dietary intake were assessed. Outcome variables were weight categories (according to body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and percentage body fat [% BF]). The strongest negative correlation was found between VO₂max and %BF (r = −0.39, p <0.05). Significant negative correlation was also found between VO₂max and weight categories (r = −0.15). Results of the multinomial logit analysis showed that VO₂max increased in groups of overweight, normal weight and underweight children by 13%, 26% and 19%, respectively as compared to the group of obese children. VO₂max and weight and obesity indices were strongly correlated in both gender and age groups. Education and intervention programs to increase physical fitness (VO₂max) through aerobic training are recommended for Physical Education teachers, parents and children in order to reduce the rate of overweight and obesity among children in the Lower Silesia region of Poland.

Purpose: This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy for use with Polish children aged 8–12 years. Method: The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy questionnaire was translated into Polish and adapted using the method of forward and back translation. The internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity were examined ( n = 781). Results: The motivation and confidence domain demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .876) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .905), while the knowledge and understanding domain showed moderate reliability (α = .70; intraclass correlation coefficient = .714). Confirmatory factor analysis results, χ ² (37) = 72.7, p < .001, χ ² /df = 1.95, comparative-fit index = .982, Tucker–Lewis index = .973, root mean square error of approximation = .031, standardized root mean square residual = .024, supported the four-domain model as a good fit for the data. Discussion/Conclusion: Overall, the findings confirm that this Polish version of Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy is a reliable and valid tool for assessing physical literacy among Polish children across all four domains.

Physical Literacy (PL) assumes mutual reinforcement between its cognitive, affective, and physical domains. However, the role of the cognitive domain within this framework remains insufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the level of Knowledge and Understanding is related to Physical Competence, Motivation and Confidence, and Daily Behaviour in children aged 8–12 years. The study also examined whether grade group moderates these relationships. The Canadian Assessment of PL (CAPL-2) tool was administered to a sample of 2030 students from Poland. No consistent or practically meaningful correlations were observed between Knowledge and Understanding and Daily Behaviour across grade groups. Significant, although generally weak, associations were found between Knowledge and Understanding and both Motivation and Confidence and Physical Competence, with the Understanding subdomain showing stronger relationships. Moderation analysis indicated that the association between ‘Knowledge’ and Physical Competence decreased in older grade groups, while no consistent interaction effects were observed for ‘Understanding’. These findings suggest that, within the CAPL-2 operationalisation, the ‘Understanding’ subdomain showed relatively stronger (although still weak) associations; however, these differences were observed within generally weak relationships and should be interpreted cautiously.

Guła-Kubiszewska Halina, Dębska Urszula, Kałwa Małgorzata, Starościak Wojciech. A health training as a lifestyle element in the time of globalization. Studies of training participants in the context of selected psychological indices. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(13):116-129. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. http :// journal . rsw . edu . pl / index . php / JHS / article / view /2014%3 B 4%281 1 %29%3 A116- 129 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2014%3B4%2811%29%3A116-1 29 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/509915 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13260 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13260 The former journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1107. (17.12.2013). © The Author (s) 2014; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. Conflict of interest: None declared. Received: 10.09.2014. Revised 15.09.2014. Accepted: 04.11.2014. A health training as a lifestyle element in the time of globalization. Studies of training participants in the context of selected psychological indices Halina Guła-Kubiszewska¹⁾, Urszula Dębska²⁾, Małgorzata Kałwa¹⁾, Wojciech Starościak^{1) 1)}University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw ²⁾Department of Psychology, University of Wroclaw Keywords: health training, health control placement, I corporeal, coherence, globalization Times of globalization are characterized by an increased dynamic of changes, including first of all domains of ecology, economy, politics and also social and cultural areas. Unification of technology and culture as well as lifestyles, consumption models and health behaviours too are observed. Forced increased personal care about one's health, increasing possibilities of aiding health, e.g. through participating in specially prepared health training forms, taking care of figures by attending fashionable fitness and aerobic classes, fitness centres, performance sports, running etc. Our survey comprised 37 health training participants and it was conducted at the AWF in Wroclaw in 2013/2014. Assumed general objectives of training were: strengthening postural muscles, control over spine stabilizing techniques and also many intermediate goals. Moreover, the subjects set themselves personal goals of participation in training. The subjects were diagnosed in the context of selected psychological variables. The research was aimed at an initial determination of a psychological profile of participants in a long-term voluntary health training session. I-corporeal was diagnosed (attributional identity aspect), locus of health control, sense of coherence and global self-esteem[1]. Methods: health training session by M. Kałwa; questionnaires: MHLC, SOC-29, SES, Attributional Identity. It can be observed: the training was mostly attended by persons with a higher index of ‘I’-corporeal, higher BMI; they are satisfied with their figures and physicality. There are dependency between quality of life in the sphere of social integration; higher results in controllability and more possibilities to manage and influence their activities - more satisfied with lives in an area of activity: satisfaction and productivity. In order to obtain more justified results it would be advisable to carry out similar research on a greater population. [1] The research also comprised other psychological aspects, e.g. coping with stress and quality of life; results to follow in subsequent articles.