Businesses may take advantage of rapid technological developments to increase sales by designing products with a short lifespan and encouraging consumers to buy a replacement more quickly than they otherwise might have to, which is commonly known as planned obsolescence. While employing a holistic approach and exploring planned obsolescence from three different angles—the demand side, supply side and environmental side—the article argues that the current measures in the fields of unfair competition and consumer protection law, competition law and environmental law are quite insufficient to deal with planned obsolescence. Therefore, there is a need for an EU measure outlawing planned obsolescence in the context of the circular economy.

Ensuring sustainable consumption of water, which is essential for human development, is not sufficient, therefore, there is an urgent need to improve reuse of treated wastewater. This paper reviews the newest EU legislation related to reclaimed water reuse, which is the main driver for change. While there are some positive developments in the EU, the paper argues that the current EU legislation does not sufficiently encourage circular solutions, especially on how to deal with any bottleneck effects, which prevent to fully utilise wastewater. This reflection is noted based on the national and regional developments in Italy with some comparison with other Southern countries, such as Greece and Spain in attempt to identify good practices as well as any barriers for the reclaimed water to be reused.

Debates have surged in the European Union (EU) on how EU competition policy can best support the European Green Deal. In the theoretical and practical aspects, non‐economic factors in competition law analysis are problematic due to the difficulty in measuring the concrete benefits of trade‐offs. The National Competition Authorities (NCAs) rather than the European Commission (EC) are leading the ‘sustainability in competition law’ debates, which is the focus of this article. Therefore, this study reviews the current status quo of all NCAs' positions concerning sustainability‐related matters by classifying them into four typologies in terms of their willingness to incorporate sustainability in their assessments. It further identifies four emerging NCAs models, which seem to divert from the EC's view. This can be problematic in ensuring the uniform application of competition law.

Recent regulatory reforms in Turkey aim to address the competitive risks posed by dominant digital platforms, particularly concerning data exploitation, self-preferencing, and discriminatory conduct. Rather than introducing a standalone competition law instrument, Turkey amended its Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce to embed competition-related obligations, raising questions about the consistency and coherence of enforcement. This article analyses the legal and institutional implications of these amendments, critically comparing Turkey’s approach with the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA). It argues that while the Turkish amendments reflect global regulatory trends, the lack of a dedicated competition framework risks creating enforcement conflicts between the Turkish Competition Authority and the Ministry of Trade, generating legal uncertainty. The study ultimately contends that Turkey should consider adopting a dedicated digital competition regulation, aligned with international best practices, to ensure effective oversight of digital platforms and maintain competitive neutrality in its evolving digital markets.