A novel actinobacterial strain, designated 13K301^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan. The taxonomic position of strain 13K301^T was revealed by using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 13K301^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and had highest sequence similarity to ‘Streptomyces qaidamensis’ S10^T (99.2 %), Streptomyces flavovariabilis NRRL B-16367^T (98.9 %) and Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus DSM 41896^T (98.8 %), but the strain formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree. The DNA–DNA relatedness and average nucleotide identity values as well as evolutionary distances based on multilocus (atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB) sequences between strain 13K301^T and closely related type strains were significantly lower than the recommended threshold values. The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were glucose and ribose. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were determined as the predominant polar lipids. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H₈) and MK-9(H₆). On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain 13K301^T should be classified as representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces cahuitamycinicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13K301^T (=DSM 106873^T=KCTC 49110^T). In addition, the whole genome-based comparisons as well as the multilocus sequence analysis revealed that the type strains of Streptomyces galilaeus and Streptomyces bobili belong to a single species. It is, therefore, proposed that S. galilaeus be recognised as a heterotypic synonym of S. bobili for which an emended description is given.

Five actinobacteria isolates, KC201T, KC401, KC310T, KC712T and 6K102T, were recovered from the Karakum Desert during an investigation of novel actinobacteria with biotechnological potential. A polyphasic approach confirmed the affiliation of the strains to the genus Nonomuraea . The strains showed chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Nonomuraea . Furthermore, these strains clearly distinguished and formed well supperted clades in phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees. Low ANI and dDDH values and distinguishing phenotypic properties between isolates KC201T, KC310T, KC712T and 6K102T showed that these strains belonged to novel Nonomuraea species, the names proposed for these taxa are Nonomuraea deserti sp. nov., Nonomuraea diastatica sp. nov., Nonomuraea longispora sp. nov. and Nonomuraea mesophila sp. nov., with the type strains KC310T (=CGMCC 4.7331T =DSM 102919T =KCTC 39774T), KC712T (=CGMCC 4.7334T =DSM 102925T =KCTC 39776), KC201T (=CGMCC 4.7339T =DSM 102917T =KCTC 39781T) and 6K102T (=CGMCC 4.7541T =JCM 32916), respectively.

Three isolates, 5K138^T, 8K307^T and KC603^T, with typical morphological characteristics of members of the genus Jiangella were obtained during a study searching for novel actinobacteria with biosynthetic potential from the Karakum Desert. A polyphasic approach was adopted to determine taxonomic affiliations of the strains. The strains showed chemotaxonomic properties consistent with their classification as representing members of the genus Jiangella such as ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as major polar lipids as well as MK-9(H₄) as a major menaquinone. Pairwise sequence comparisons of the 16S rRNA genes showed that the strains were closely related to Jiangella alba DSM 45237^T, Jiangella rhizosphaerae NEAU-YY265^T and Jiangella mangrovi 3SM4-07^T with higher than 99 % sequence identities. However, a combination of phenotypic and phylogenetic approaches as well as genome-based comparative analyses confirmed the taxonomic positions of these strains as representing distinct species within the genus Jiangella . Therefore, strains 5K138^T, 8K307^T and KC603^T should each be classified as representing a novel species within the genus Jiangella , for which the names Jiangella asiatica sp. nov., Jiangella aurantiaca sp. nov. and Jiangella ureilytica sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains of the proposed novel species are as follows: Jiangella asiatica 5K138^T (=JCM 33518^T=CGMCC 4.7672^T), Jiangella aurantiaca 8K307^T (=JCM 33519^T=CGMCC 4.7621^T) and Jiangella ureilytica KC603^T (=JCM 33520^T=CGMCC 4.7618^T).