A novel actinobacterial strain, designated 13K301^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan. The taxonomic position of strain 13K301^T was revealed by using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 13K301^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and had highest sequence similarity to ‘Streptomyces qaidamensis’ S10^T (99.2 %), Streptomyces flavovariabilis NRRL B-16367^T (98.9 %) and Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus DSM 41896^T (98.8 %), but the strain formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree. The DNA–DNA relatedness and average nucleotide identity values as well as evolutionary distances based on multilocus (atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB) sequences between strain 13K301^T and closely related type strains were significantly lower than the recommended threshold values. The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were glucose and ribose. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were determined as the predominant polar lipids. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H₈) and MK-9(H₆). On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain 13K301^T should be classified as representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces cahuitamycinicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13K301^T (=DSM 106873^T=KCTC 49110^T). In addition, the whole genome-based comparisons as well as the multilocus sequence analysis revealed that the type strains of Streptomyces galilaeus and Streptomyces bobili belong to a single species. It is, therefore, proposed that S. galilaeus be recognised as a heterotypic synonym of S. bobili for which an emended description is given.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as P2^T, was isolated from a hot spring water sample collected from Ilica-Erzurum, Turkey. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons affiliated strain P2^T with the genus Bacillus , and the strain showed the highest sequence identity to Bacillus azotoformans NBRC 15712^T (96.7 %). However, the pairwise sequence comparisons of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that strain P2^T shared only 94.7 % sequence identity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610^T, indicating that strain P2^T might not be a member of the genus Bacillus . The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain P2^T and B. azotoformans NBRC 15712^T were 19.8 and 74.2 %, respectively. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain P2^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an aminophospholipid, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids while the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0 and iso-C_16 : 0. The draft genome of strain P2^T was composed of 82 contigs and found to be 3.5 Mb with 36.1 mol% G+C content. The results of phylogenomic and phenotypic analyses revealed that strain P2^T represents a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae , for which the name Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis is P2^T (=CECT 9886^T=DSM 107530^T=NCCB 100675^T). Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that Bacillus azotoformans and Bacillus oryziterrae should be transferred to this novel genus as Calidifontibacillus azotoformans comb. nov. and Calidifontibacillus oryziterrae comb. nov., respectively.

Plesiomonas shigelloides is the only species in its genus and has zoonotic importance due to the serious implications resulting from the consumption of contaminated seafood. This is the first report on the genomic features of the whole-genome sequence (WGS) of P. shigelloides strain V78, recovered from diseased rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The genome of P. shigelloides V78 consists of 4,478,098 base pairs (bps), which encode 3730 proteins, and has a G + C content of 51.1%. The bioinformatics analysis of WGS of V78 confirmed the presence of 121 tRNA genes and 42 rRNA genes (15 genes for 5S rRNA, 13 genes for 16S rRNA, and 14 genes for 23S rRNA). Comprehensive genome analyses revealed that the strain encodes secondary metabolites, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes. The strain V78 has 31 known antibiotic resistance models, which encode many antimicrobial resistances. In addition, strain V78 has 42 different virulence genes, such as adhesion, a secretion system, and motility. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value against P. shigelloides NCTC 10360 was 74.2%, while the average nucleotide identity value was 97.1%. Based on the scrutinized analysis of genomic data, strain V78 should be considered a novel subspecies of P. shigelloides, for which Plesiomonas shigelloides subsp. oncorhynchi is proposed, with V78^T as the type strain (=LMG 33380^T=DSM 117059^T).

Five actinobacteria isolates, KC201T, KC401, KC310T, KC712T and 6K102T, were recovered from the Karakum Desert during an investigation of novel actinobacteria with biotechnological potential. A polyphasic approach confirmed the affiliation of the strains to the genus Nonomuraea . The strains showed chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Nonomuraea . Furthermore, these strains clearly distinguished and formed well supperted clades in phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees. Low ANI and dDDH values and distinguishing phenotypic properties between isolates KC201T, KC310T, KC712T and 6K102T showed that these strains belonged to novel Nonomuraea species, the names proposed for these taxa are Nonomuraea deserti sp. nov., Nonomuraea diastatica sp. nov., Nonomuraea longispora sp. nov. and Nonomuraea mesophila sp. nov., with the type strains KC310T (=CGMCC 4.7331T =DSM 102919T =KCTC 39774T), KC712T (=CGMCC 4.7334T =DSM 102925T =KCTC 39776), KC201T (=CGMCC 4.7339T =DSM 102917T =KCTC 39781T) and 6K102T (=CGMCC 4.7541T =JCM 32916), respectively.