This paper explores the historical development of conventional plastics, tracing their evolution from early forms to their pervasive use in modern society. Its observations include the rise of mass plastic production during World War II and the post-war development, showcasing plastics’ economic and societal impact. The environmental repercussions of plastic pollution have led to increased global awareness and calls for sustainable alternatives. The emergence of bioplastics is investigated, including their classification, properties, applications, and challenges in scaling. This paper emphasises the urgency of adopting bioplastics for a sustainable future and discusses efforts towards homogenisation and standardisation across global markets.

With plastic pollution continuing to rise, there has been increasing interest in bioplastics as potential solution. While protein and starch-based bioplastics offer biodegradable properties, many still rely on non-sustainable starch sources. For these materials to be effective, they need to be both biodegradable and sustainably sourced. Just as importantly, the public, as the end users, need to find them appealing and understand what makes them different. This study evaluates perception of bioplastics and the possible applications of the starch-protein blend biopolymers (SPBBs) made from: Potato, Tapioca, Sago and Swamp Taro. Through public survey and focus group, the study found that age and education influenced people’s understanding of terms like “biodegradable” and “biobased.” While most were familiar with biodegradability, fewer understood biobased, though many were open to paying up to 5% more for sustainable alternatives. The results also showed that 74% of people use plastic alternatives, and 80% identified packaging, especially food packaging, as major source of pollution. In the focus group, participants prioritised sustainability, cost, clarity and colour. They also suggested using media campaigns, influencers and clearer labelling to boost public awareness. Future research should investigate public understanding of bioplastics and their cost implications to encourage shift towards more sustainable, environmentally friendly choices.