This paper is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the benefits and drawbacks of bank revenue diversification. Revenue diversification may benefit banks if diversified activities are inherently less risky and possess high returns, while it may hurt banks if diversified activities are more risky and have low returns. Analyzing a panel dataset of 200 commercial banks from all South Asian countries, we found that overall revenue diversification into non-interest income has a positive impact on the profitability and stability of South Asian commercial banks. We further observed that different types of non-interest income-generating activities have different impacts on bank performance and stability. While fees and commission incomes have a negative impact on the profitability and stability of South Asian commercial banks, other non-interest income has a positive impact. Our results imply that banks can benefit from revenue diversification if they diversify into specific types of non-interest income-generating activities. Our findings are robust and relevant to the use of alternative measures of revenue diversification, profitability and stability.

Many industries put on a show of sustainability to draw in investors even though they are not financially viable. This study examines how real-earnings management (REM) moderates the relationship between credit risk (CR) and financial sustainability (FS). Real earnings management (REM) uses three techniques to measure earnings management: cash flow, overproduction, and discretionary spending. The distance-to-default approach of the KMV model, as an inverse proxy, is used in the current study to enumerate CR. Panel data of non-financial listed companies from 2013 to 2021 is used in this study. This study used PROCESS macro to construct bootstrap confidence intervals to estimate the model and “simple slope analysis” to visualize the model. The findings demonstrate a significant negative relationship between credit risk and financial sustainability. Real earnings management as a moderator weakens the relationship between financial sustainability and credit risk. This study aids investors in integrating sustainability into their investment process and helps them make wise choices. In addition, the results of this study might assist managers in adjusting cash flow patterns, real earnings management practices, and financial sustainability to reduce credit risk.

The main objective of study is to investigate the determinants that impact the behavioral inclination of bankers in Pakistan towards embracing green banking. The research objective is to examine impact of attitude, internal measurements, perceived behavioral control, and subjective standards on behavioral intentions of bankers in Pakistan to embrace the green banking. This study applied the quantitative research methodology. The researchers selected bankers as the target population for their investigation, using a sample size of 367. The findings indicated that attitude has a substantial influence on behavioral intention. Internal assessments have a significant impact on behavioral intention. Findings indicated that perceived ability to regulate one's behavior had a significant influence on desire to engage in that activity. The findings of this current study have significant value for bankers, managers, customers & legislators since they will empower them to make informed choices. The unique aspect of study is that, to researcher's knowledge there are relatively few studies that examine future the toward green banking.

Universities’ purpose is broadly seen in the light as being to primarily to impart knowledge and to equip graduates with generic, broad transferable skill set. Long-term being to prepare them for real work or self-sustenance. The purpose of the research is to: assess the extent to which value proposition is attained. This is achieved through lecture evaluation and to highlight the value that can be obtained by evaluation of lessons delivery. Significance of the research: The results of reflective learning are expected to be used as a tool to enhance the developmental process of lesson offering. The research will highlight areas where the lecturer needs to pay attention to and what the Institute should do to support the deficiency where there is. Results of the research will be used as a developmental tool if need be Research design and Methodology: The research will follow survey research in which quantitative paradigm is used. First and second year Learners were requested to volunteer their time and if they do to then visit the Student Centre at an appointed time indicated by their respective lecturers to complete a questionnaire. Students were informed that they were no obliged to take part in the survey. Results: The results will be analysed using graphical slides generated from power point computer menu. The analysis will use SPSS tool will be used to analyse data. Cronbach’s Alpha measured reliability. Validity: Face validity: Students are responsible to indicate through an assessment what they know and what they mastered. Content validity: The questionnaire will assess whether content complies with syllabus. Construct validity: The assessment should be appropriate for the outcomes. Key words: Critical Reflective Learning; ubiquitous Reflective Learning; situated Learning; Reflective Thinking.

Comprehending the dynamics of risk spillover across the value chain is indispensable for effective risk management, especially amid increasing economic and geopolitical uncertainty. This study investigates the mechanics of risk transmission within the value chain of Chinese hospitality industry, employs a (TVP-VAR) model, using daily data from January 2015 to December 2023. The research identifies key sub-sectors, hotel resort and luxury cruise, film and entertainment, mall and supermarket, environmental and facilities services, air freight and logistics, and road transportation, as significant risk transmitters that affect the overall stability of the industry. Conversely, sectors such as restaurant, liquor and wine, leisure services and railway transport are designated as risk receivers. The results offer critical insights for stakeholders, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive risk management strategies to reduce negative spillover effects, particularly in the context of economic shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical events like the Russia-Ukraine conflict.