The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the outcomes of knee arthrodesis (KA) after periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee. Differences in clinical outcomes and complication rates among the intramedullary nailing (IMN), external fixation (EF), and compression plating (CP) procedures were compared. A total of 23 studies were included. Demographics, microbiological data, types of implants, surgical techniques with complications, reoperations, fusion, and amputation rates were reported. A total of 787 patients were evaluated, of whom 601 (76.4%), 166 (21%), and 19 (2.4%) underwent IMN, EF, and CP, respectively. The most common causative pathogen was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Fusion occurred in 71.9%, 78.8%, and 92.3% of the patients after IMN, EF, and CP, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found. Reinfection rates were 14.6%, 15.1%, and 10.5% after IMN, EF, and CP, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found. Conversion to amputation occurred in 4.3%, 5%, and 15.8% of patients after IMN, EF, and CP, respectively; there was a higher rate after CP than after EF. The IMN technique is the most common option used for managing PJI with KA. No differences in terms of fusion, reinfection, or conversion-to-amputation rates were reported between IMN and EF. CP is rarely used, and the high amputation rate represents an important limitation of this technique.

Background/Objectives: Supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs) are the most common pediatric elbow injuries and often require surgical intervention. Despite guidelines, optimal timing for surgical management, particularly for cases without neurovascular compromise, remains unclear. This study evaluates the influence of surgical timing on short-term outcomes, focusing on fracture reduction quality and surgical parameters. Methods: In total, 62 pediatric patients who had been treated for Gartland type II and III SCHF between 2018 and 2023 were retrospectively assessed. Patients were grouped based on time of admission (morning, afternoon, early evening, and night shifts) and time to surgery (12 h). Primary outcomes included immediate radiological reduction, assessed via the Baumann’s angle (BA) and shaft-condylar angle (SCA). Secondary outcomes encompassed surgery duration and radiation exposure. Statistical analyses used ANOVA and chi-square tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: No significant differences were observed in BA (p = 0.84) or SCA (p = 0.79) between early and delayed surgical groups. Similarly, surgical timing (shift or delay >12 h) did not significantly affect surgery duration (p = 0.92) or radiation exposure (p = 0.12). The complication rate was 6.45%. Conclusions: Surgical timing, including delays beyond 12 h, does not adversely affect short-term outcomes in SCHFs. However, after-hours procedures may pose practical challenges, emphasizing the importance of surgeon experience and institutional protocols. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and examine them in the long term.