Jia-hao Bai

Mr. Jia-hao Bai


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

2Years (2025-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

View All Publications
8 February 2025 in Bioengineering
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
JBJia-hao Bai
Jia-hao Bai
SHSzu-Chi Huang
Szu-Chi Huang
Po-Lei LeePo-Lei Lee
Po-Lei Lee
KSKuo-Kai Shyu
Kuo-Kai Shyu
CHChao-Jen Huang
Chao-Jen Huang
SLSheng Ji Lai
Sheng Ji Lai
This study proposes a high-frequency Pulse Amplitude-Modulation Temporal-Interference (PAM-TI) current stimulation device, which utilizes two sets of Amplitude-modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS): one AM frequency at f0 (where f0 = 2 kHz) (source 1) and the other AM frequency at f1 = f0 + △f (where f1 = 2.01 kHz) (source 2), to generate a △f (where △f = 10 Hz) envelope modulated at a fc (where fc = 100 kHz) high carrier frequency. The high carrier frequency reduces body impedance and conserves more stimulation power, allowing it to penetrate the skin and reach the subcutaneous region. The proposed PAM-TI technique elevates the two current sources to a 100 kHz carrier frequency. Instead of the challenges associated with generating high-frequency stimulation currents using an MCU and DAC, the proposed PAM-TI stimulation device achieves this by simply utilizing a pair of complementary pulse-width modulations (PWMs). The push–pull technique is employed to balance the charging currents between the anode and cathode, synchronizing the current timing of Source 1 and Source 2 under the fc modulation condition. To minimize signal attenuation, the PAM circuit is integrated directly into the electrode, ensuring the high-frequency signal is generated close to the body and preventing degradation from long wires. Additionally, a dry pin-type spring-loaded electrode is used to reduce interference caused by hair when placed on the head. The device’s validity and current directionality were verified using a scalp tissue-mimicking phantom composed of agar and saline.