Ultrasound (US) technology is a nonthermal technique for enhancing grain hydration properties. In this study, oat seeds were treated with US at different amplitudes (20, 30, and 40%) and exposure times (20, 30, and 40 min). The effects of germination time (30, 36, 42, and 48 h) were evaluated in both US-treated and untreated oat seeds by measuring the water absorption kinetics, germination rate, root length, imbibition weight, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and beta-glucan content. The Weibull model best described the soaking kinetics of oat seeds across the investigated amplitudes and ultrasonic durations owing to the highest R2 (0.98–0.99) and the lowest standard errors (0.013–0.028). The results demonstrated that US treatment enhanced both hydration and bioactive component levels. Compared to the control, the optimized oats germinated through US treatment had approximately 220% and 64% increase in TPC and DPPH scavenging activity, respectively. Germination times of 42–48 h favor germination rate and antioxidant properties. The recommended conditions for producing germinated oats with optimal properties and high TPC, DPPH, and β-glucan are 30% US amplitude, 40 min of sonication, and 42 h of germination. This technique enhanced the nutritional and functional properties of seeds germinated through US, supporting their potential use in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and fortified grain products.

Vitamin E is an essential nutrient, but its poor water solubility limits food and pharmaceutical applications. The usability of vitamin E can be enhanced via modification methods such as encapsulation, which transforms the physical state of vitamin E from a liquid to a powder. This study examined the efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in identifying and predicting various vitamin E derivatives in vitamin E-encapsulated powder (VEP). An MIR analysis revealed the fundamental C–H vibrations of vitamin E in the range of 2700–3250 cm⁻¹, whereas an NIR analysis provided information about the corresponding combination, first, and second overtones in the range of 4000–9000 cm⁻¹. The MIR and NIR data were analyzed using a principal component analysis to characterize the VEP. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to predict the content of individual vitamin E derivatives. PLS cross-validation revealed that NIR analysis provides more reliable predictive accuracy and precision for the contents of vitamin E derivatives, achieving a higher coefficient of determination for prediction (Q²) (0.92–0.99) than MIR analysis (0.20–0.85). For test set validation, the NIR predictions exhibited a significant level of accuracy, as indicated by a high ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) and Q². Furthermore, the PLS models developed using the NIR data had statistically significant predictive performance, with a high RPD (1.54–3.92) and Q² (0.66–0.94). Thus, NIR spectroscopy is a valuable nondestructive technique for analyzing vitamin E samples, while MIR spectroscopy serves as a useful method for confirming its presence.