Vitamin E is an essential nutrient, but its poor water solubility limits food and pharmaceutical applications. The usability of vitamin E can be enhanced via modification methods such as encapsulation, which transforms the physical state of vitamin E from a liquid to a powder. This study examined the efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in identifying and predicting various vitamin E derivatives in vitamin E-encapsulated powder (VEP). An MIR analysis revealed the fundamental C–H vibrations of vitamin E in the range of 2700–3250 cm⁻¹, whereas an NIR analysis provided information about the corresponding combination, first, and second overtones in the range of 4000–9000 cm⁻¹. The MIR and NIR data were analyzed using a principal component analysis to characterize the VEP. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to predict the content of individual vitamin E derivatives. PLS cross-validation revealed that NIR analysis provides more reliable predictive accuracy and precision for the contents of vitamin E derivatives, achieving a higher coefficient of determination for prediction (Q²) (0.92–0.99) than MIR analysis (0.20–0.85). For test set validation, the NIR predictions exhibited a significant level of accuracy, as indicated by a high ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) and Q². Furthermore, the PLS models developed using the NIR data had statistically significant predictive performance, with a high RPD (1.54–3.92) and Q² (0.66–0.94). Thus, NIR spectroscopy is a valuable nondestructive technique for analyzing vitamin E samples, while MIR spectroscopy serves as a useful method for confirming its presence.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained popularity in veterinary medicine for its potential to alleviate stress, pain, and inflammation in dogs. However, its oral administration is limited by hydrophobicity, variable absorption, and extensive first-pass metabolism, which requires optimized delivery methods to enhance efficacy. This study investigated the effects of daily oral supplementation of CBD oil and CBD gel (each at 4 mg/kg), compared to a placebo, over 14 days in shelter dogs subjected to solitary confinement-induced stress. Both CBD formulations appeared safe under the study conditions, with no adverse effects on hematological and biochemical parameters. Post-stress cortisol levels were significantly lower in CBD-treated groups compared to controls, with CBD-infused gel showing a pattern toward greater attenuation. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct blood profile shifts in CBD-treated dogs, with PCA loadings indicating associations between CBD supplementation and lymphocyte percentages and IgG levels. These findings support gel-based CBD as a promising strategy for stress modulation in dogs. Further studies should explore its pharmacokinetics and long-term immune effects to optimize veterinary applications.

The valorization of salted duck egg white (SDEW), a high-salt by-product of the egg industry, was investigated through desalting and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce protein hydrolysates with enhanced functional properties. The desalting process resulted in a 97.13% reduction in sodium content while maintaining protein integrity, confirming desalted SDEW (DS-DEW) as a suitable substrate for enzymatic modification. Two proteases with distinct catalytic properties were compared: Protease M “Amano” SD (MSD, a dual endopeptidase and exopeptidase) and Thermoase GL30 (GL, an endopeptidase). Both enzymes showed time-dependent increases in the degree of hydrolysis (DH), with GL achieving a higher final DH at 6 hours, while MSD exhibited a faster initial hydrolytic rate. Total amino acid (TAA) content increased in both groups, with MSD yielding consistently higher levels of free amino acid. Predominant amino acids included glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and leucine, along with increased levels of hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH assay was significantly higher in MSD-treated samples, peaking at 3 hours (88.36%). In contrast, GL-treated samples exhibited lower activity, which declined over time. These results demonstrate the potential of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of DS-DEW for producing antioxidant-active hydrolysates and support the development of value-added functional ingredients, contributing to the sustainable and industrial-scale utilization of egg industry by-products within the bio-circular-green economic model.