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Longyu Shi
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China

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Journal article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Energies
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As the most basic unit of the national economy and administrative management, the low-carbon transformation of the vast counties is of great significance to China’s overall greenhouse gas emission reduction. Although the low-carbon evaluation (LCE) indicator system and benchmarks have been extensively studied, most benchmarks ignore the needs of the evaluated object at the development stage. When the local economy develops to a certain level, it may be restricted by static low-carbon target constraints. This study reviews the relevant research on LCE indicator system and benchmarks based on convergence. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), a dynamic benchmark system for per capita carbon emissions (PCCEs), is proposed for low-carbon counties. Taking Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China as an example, a dynamic benchmark for PCCEs was established by benchmarking the Carbon Kuznets Curve (CKC) of best practices. Based on the principles of best practice, comparability, data completeness, and the CKC hypothesis acceptance, the best practice database is screened, and Singapore is selected as a potential benchmark. By constructing an econometric model to conduct an empirical study on Singapore’s CKC hypothesis, the regression results of the least squares method support the CKC hypothesis and its rationality as a benchmark. The result of the PCCE benchmarks of Changxing County show that when the per capita income of Changxing County in 2025, 2030, and 2035 reaches USD 19,172.92, USD 24,483.01, and USD 29,366.11, respectively, the corresponding benchmarks should be 14.95 tons CO2/person, 14.70 tons CO2/person, and 13.55 tons CO2/person. For every 1% increase in the county’s per capita income, the PCCE allowable room for growth is 17.6453%. The turning point is when the per capita gross domestic product (PCGDP) is USD 20,843.23 and the PCCE is 15.03 tons of CO2/person, which will occur between 2025 and 2030. Prior to this, the PCCE benchmark increases with the increase of PCGDP. After that, the PCCE benchmark decreases with the increase of PCGDP. The system is economically sensitive, adaptable to different development stages, and enriches the methodology of low-carbon indicator evaluation and benchmark setting at the county scale. It can provide scientific basis for Chinese county decision makers to formulate reasonable targets under the management idea driven by evaluation indicators and emission reduction targets and help counties explore the coordinated paths of economic development and emission reduction in different development stages. It has certain reference significance for other developing regions facing similar challenges of economic development and low-carbon transformation to Changxing County to formulate scientific and reasonable low-carbon emission reduction targets.

ACS Style

Lijie Gao; Xiaoqi Shang; Fengmei Yang; Longyu Shi. A Dynamic Benchmark System for Per Capita Carbon Emissions in Low-Carbon Counties of China. Energies 2021, 14, 599 .

AMA Style

Lijie Gao, Xiaoqi Shang, Fengmei Yang, Longyu Shi. A Dynamic Benchmark System for Per Capita Carbon Emissions in Low-Carbon Counties of China. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lijie Gao; Xiaoqi Shang; Fengmei Yang; Longyu Shi. 2021. "A Dynamic Benchmark System for Per Capita Carbon Emissions in Low-Carbon Counties of China." Energies 14, no. 3: 599.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Pollutants discharged from irrational energy consumption pose a serious threat to urban ecological security. The Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone is an important part of China’s coastal economy. With the rapid development of the economy in this area, the atmospheric environmental pollution problem, caused by energy consumption, has become increasingly serious. Therefore, the study of the environmental impact assessment of air pollution in the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone has reference value to prevent ecological risks. This paper constructed a regional-scale environmental impact assessment model that includes pollution sources, pollution stress, and evaluation results, and evaluated the environmental impact of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 from three perspectives: regional integration, different energy consumption sectors, and different cities. The results showed that the regional environmental impact level of the research area was high, and the main pollutants transformed from SO2 to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 from 2008 to 2016. According to the results of different sectors, the transportation sector contributes the most to NO2 and remains unchanged, and the industrial sector contributes the most to SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. Combined with the research results of different cities, cities concentrated in the coastal areas contribute more pollution than other cities do.

ACS Style

Miao Zhang; Longyu Shi; Xiaofei Ma; Yang Zhao; Lijie Gao. Study on Comprehensive Assessment of Environmental Impact of Air Pollution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 476 .

AMA Style

Miao Zhang, Longyu Shi, Xiaofei Ma, Yang Zhao, Lijie Gao. Study on Comprehensive Assessment of Environmental Impact of Air Pollution. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miao Zhang; Longyu Shi; Xiaofei Ma; Yang Zhao; Lijie Gao. 2021. "Study on Comprehensive Assessment of Environmental Impact of Air Pollution." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 476.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Energies
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The regional allocation of carbon emission quotas is of great significance to realize the carbon emission target. Basing on the combination of the multi-index method and the improved equal-proportion distribution method, and fully considering the differences in economic factors, population factors, energy factors, technological factors among cities, China’s 2030 carbon intensity reduction target was allocated. The results indicate that: (1) Under the target constraint of 60% reduction in CO2 emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (carbon intensity) in 2030 compared to 2005, the carbon intensity target reduction rate (CITRR) of 285 Chinese cities is between 17.65% and 141.14%, with an average reduction rate of 51.52%; (2) the CITRR of cities presents significant spatial positive correlation, and the Global Moran I correlation index is 0.38; and (3) the distribution trend of CITRR is the same as the general trend of economic development of China, showing a basic trend of gradual decline from south to north and from coastal to inland. The allocation method takes into account fairness and efficiency, and reflects the differences between cities, so that the allocation results are likely to be accepted by all parties. Meanwhile, this method breaks the limitation of the lack of city’s data and is likely to implement in actual operation. Cities should choose distinguished low-carbon economic development paths, in combination with their characteristics of economic and social development, and carry out inter-city cooperation to promote carbon emission reduction steadily.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Fengmei Yang; Lijie Gao. The Allocation of Carbon Intensity Reduction Target by 2030 among Cities in China. Energies 2020, 13, 6006 .

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Fengmei Yang, Lijie Gao. The Allocation of Carbon Intensity Reduction Target by 2030 among Cities in China. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Fengmei Yang; Lijie Gao. 2020. "The Allocation of Carbon Intensity Reduction Target by 2030 among Cities in China." Energies 13, no. 22: 6006.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2020 in Sustainability
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The coordinated development of environment and economy is an important way to achieve sustainable development. As the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has been included in the national agenda, Guangdong province faces a turning point in its economic, social, and environmental development. Taking Guangdong province as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial evolution and correlation of economic development and environmental pollution by means of center of gravity (COG) and geo-information system (GIS). The results show the shift of economic development COGs are smaller than that of environmental pollution. Environmental pollution COGs are negatively correlated with economic scale and quality COGs, whereas it is positively correlated with economic growth COG, which depends on the industrial structure and local policies. The continuous transformation of the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD) is conducive to improving its environment and promoting economic development of Non-Pearl River Delta Region in Guangdong province (Non-PRD) through bilateral causality. As the receiving place of industrial transfer, eastern Guangdong has obvious effects of environmental pollution transfer from the secondary industries. In this study, the logical spatial evolution path of the economic development and environmental pollution COGs is established. It provides theoretical and practical references for the study of interrelationship between economy and environment.

ACS Style

Binbin Du; Qiaoya Zheng; Xue Bai; Longyu Shi; Xian Shen. Research on Evolution Pattern and Spatial Correlation between Economic Development and Environmental Pollution Centers of Gravity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8020 .

AMA Style

Binbin Du, Qiaoya Zheng, Xue Bai, Longyu Shi, Xian Shen. Research on Evolution Pattern and Spatial Correlation between Economic Development and Environmental Pollution Centers of Gravity. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Binbin Du; Qiaoya Zheng; Xue Bai; Longyu Shi; Xian Shen. 2020. "Research on Evolution Pattern and Spatial Correlation between Economic Development and Environmental Pollution Centers of Gravity." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8020.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Sustainability
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With the increasingly prominent environmental problems and the decline of fossil fuel reserves, the reduction of energy consumption (EC) has become a common goal in the world. Urea industry is a typical energy-intensive chemical industry. However, studies just focus on the breakthrough of specific production technology or only consider the EC in the production stage. This results in a lack of evaluations of the life cycle of energy consumption (LcEC). In order to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical theoretical basis for the industrial upgrading and the energy transformation, LcEC of urea production and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated in the process of EC are studied in this paper. The results show that the average LcEC is about 30.1 GJ/t urea. The EC of the materials preparation stage, synthesis stage, and waste-treatment stage (ECRMP, ECPP, ECWD) is about 0.388 GJ/t urea, 24.8 GJ/t urea, and 4.92 GJ/t urea, accounting for 1.3%, 82.4%, and 16.3% of LcEC, respectively. Thus, the synthesis stage is a dominant energy-consumer, in which 15.4 GJ/t urea of energy, accounting for 62.0% of ECpp, supports steam consumption. According to the energy distribution analysis, it can be concluded that coal presents the primary energy in the process of urea production, which supports 94.4% of LcEC. The proportion of coal consumption is significantly higher than that of the average of 59% in China. Besides, the GHG emissions in the synthesis stage are obviously larger than that in the other stage, with an average of 2.18 t eq.CO2/t urea, accounting for 81.3% of the life cycle of GHG (LcGHG) emissions. In detail, CO2 is the dominant factor accounting for 90.0% of LcGHG emissions, followed by CH4, while N2O is negligible. Coal is the primary source of CO2 emissions. The severe high proportion of coal consumption in the life cycle of urea production is responsible for this high CO2 content of GHG emissions. Therefore, for industrial urea upgrading and energy transformation, reducing coal consumption will still be an important task for energy structure transformation. At the same time, the reformation of synthesis technologies, especially for steam energy-consuming technology, will mainly reduce the EC of the urea industry. Furthermore, the application of green energy will be conducive to a win-win situation for both economic and environmental benefits.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Lingyu Liu; Bin Yang; Gonghan Sheng; Tong Xu. Evaluation of Industrial Urea Energy Consumption (EC) Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Sustainability 2020, 12, 3793 .

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Lingyu Liu, Bin Yang, Gonghan Sheng, Tong Xu. Evaluation of Industrial Urea Energy Consumption (EC) Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Lingyu Liu; Bin Yang; Gonghan Sheng; Tong Xu. 2020. "Evaluation of Industrial Urea Energy Consumption (EC) Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3793.

Review
Published: 13 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Sustainable development (SD) has become a fundamental strategy to guide the world’s social and economic transformation. However, in the process of practice, there are still misinterpretations in regards to the theory of SD. Such misinterpretations are highlighted in the struggle between strong and weak sustainable development paths, and the confusion of the concept of intra-generational and inter-generational justice. In this paper, the literature survey method, induction method, and normative analysis were adopted to clarify the gradual evolution and improvement process of the concept and objective of SD, to strengthen the comprehensive understanding of the SD theory. Moreover, we also tried to bring in the situation and concepts of China. The results show that the theory of SD has gone through three periods: the embryonic period (before 1972), the molding period (1972–1987), and the developing period (1987–present). SD is gradually implemented into a global action from the initial fuzzy concept, including increasing practical wisdom. The goal of SD evolves from pursuing the single goal of sustainable use of natural resources to Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper argues that the theory of strong sustainability should be the accepted concept of SD. Culture, good governance, and life support systems are important factors in promoting SD.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Linwei Han; Fengmei Yang; Lijie Gao. The Evolution of Sustainable Development Theory: Types, Goals, and Research Prospects. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7158 .

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Linwei Han, Fengmei Yang, Lijie Gao. The Evolution of Sustainable Development Theory: Types, Goals, and Research Prospects. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Linwei Han; Fengmei Yang; Lijie Gao. 2019. "The Evolution of Sustainable Development Theory: Types, Goals, and Research Prospects." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7158.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Journal of Environmental Sciences
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In this article, per capita urban carbon emissions were decomposed into manufacturing, transportation, and construction sectors using logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. This new decomposition method can provide information about specific drivers of carbon emissions, including urban growth and resident living standards, rather than general demographic and economic factors identified by traditional methods. Using four Chinese megacities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing) as case studies, we analyzed the factors that influenced per capita carbon emissions from 2010 to 2015. The results showed that per capita carbon emissions increased in Tianjin and Chongqing whereas decreased in Beijing and Shanghai, and that manufacturing was a key driving force. In these four megacities, energy conservation strategies were successfully implemented despite poor energy structure optimization during 2010-2015. Development of manufacturing and improvement of resident living standards in the cities led to an increase in carbon emissions. The unique dual-core urban form of Tianjin might mitigate the increased carbon emissions caused by the transportation sector. Reductions in carbon emissions could be achieved by further optimizing energy structures, limiting the number of private cars, and controlling per capita construction.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Jing Sun; Jianyi Lin; Yang Zhao. Factor decomposition of carbon emissions in Chinese megacities. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019, 75, 209 -215.

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Jing Sun, Jianyi Lin, Yang Zhao. Factor decomposition of carbon emissions in Chinese megacities. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2019; 75 ():209-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Jing Sun; Jianyi Lin; Yang Zhao. 2019. "Factor decomposition of carbon emissions in Chinese megacities." Journal of Environmental Sciences 75, no. : 209-215.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Sustainability
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Atmospheric nitrogen deposition can supply nitrogen for ecosystems while posing a serious threat to ecological security. An assessment of the ecological risks caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition is critical for urban sustainable development. Based on “Ecological Risk Analysis” and the “Driver-Pressure-State-Response (DPSR) framework,” this paper established a comprehensive ecological risk assessment model and assessed the ecological risk of nitrogen deposition in Xiamen City, China. The results showed that the risk from nitrogen deposition to the forest ecosystem is high due to the impact of nitrogen deposition on the residual rate of litter and survival rate of seedlings. The risks to freshwater and marine ecosystems were determined to be high and moderate, respectively, due to the promotion of eutrophication by nitrogen. The risk to farm ecosystems was low due to the impact on weeds. The proportion of high-risk areas in Xiamen City was 37.1%. Among the districts of Xiamen City, Tong’an and Xiang’an had the highest proportion of high-risk areas (48%) and low-risk areas (31.8%), respectively.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Miao Zhang; Yajing Zhang; Bin Yang; Huaping Sun; Tong Xu. Comprehensive Analysis of Nitrogen Deposition in Urban Ecosystem: A Case Study of Xiamen City, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4673 .

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Miao Zhang, Yajing Zhang, Bin Yang, Huaping Sun, Tong Xu. Comprehensive Analysis of Nitrogen Deposition in Urban Ecosystem: A Case Study of Xiamen City, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Miao Zhang; Yajing Zhang; Bin Yang; Huaping Sun; Tong Xu. 2018. "Comprehensive Analysis of Nitrogen Deposition in Urban Ecosystem: A Case Study of Xiamen City, China." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4673.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2018 in Sustainability
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Suburban roads are an important part of China’s road network and essential infrastructure for rural development. Poorly designed road curves and scarcity of traffic signs have caused an excessively high traffic accident rate in plain topographical areas. In this study, an approach to evaluate and improve rural road traffic safety is introduced. Based on fuzzy and cask theory and weighted analysis, a cask evaluation model is built. It provides a quantitative instant method for analyzing road safety in the absence of traffic accident information or rigorous road space data, by identifying dangerous sections and key impact factors, and ultimately help to put forward traffic safety improvements. Based on the application to a specific section of Xiaodang Central Road in the Fengxian District of Shanghai, the result shows that the pavement conditions of cement-hardened dual-lane rural roads was good, but traffic safety was poor. Missing traffic signs, unreasonable road alignment, and poor roadside conditions were the main problems. Finally, improvements of the short-stave subsystem were proposed: the location of guide signs and roadside conditions should be improved, and the number and efficacy of the rural road traffic signs need to be increased, and markings should be and receive regular maintenance.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Nigar Huseynova; Bin Yang; Chunming Li; Lijie Gao. A Cask Evaluation Model to Assess Safety in Chinese Rural Roads. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3864 .

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Nigar Huseynova, Bin Yang, Chunming Li, Lijie Gao. A Cask Evaluation Model to Assess Safety in Chinese Rural Roads. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Nigar Huseynova; Bin Yang; Chunming Li; Lijie Gao. 2018. "A Cask Evaluation Model to Assess Safety in Chinese Rural Roads." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3864.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2018 in Sustainability
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The construction of a reasonable evaluation index system for low-carbon cities is an important part of China’s green development strategy in urban areas. In this study, based on the theoretical framework for the concept of low-carbon cities, the perspectives from three index systems—that is, the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Response model of intervention (DPSIR), a complex ecosystem, and a carbon source/sink process—were integrated to extract common indicators from existing evaluation index systems for low-carbon cities. Subsequently, a standardized evaluation index system for low-carbon cities that contained five indicators—carbon emission, low carbon production, low carbon consumption, low-carbon policy, and social economic development—was established. Thereafter, Xiamen was selected for an empirical analysis by determining the indicator weight with an entropy weight method and by carrying out a comprehensive evaluation using a linear summation model. The results showed that the weights of the five selected primary indicators for the evaluation of low-carbon cities were: low-carbon production > low-carbon consumption > social economic development > carbon emission > low-carbon policy. Among the secondary indicators, the average entropy weight of “pollution emission” was the highest at 0.1591, while the average entropy weight of “urbanization rate” was the lowest at 0.0360. Furthermore, the comprehensive index of low-carbon development in 2015 was higher than that in 2010, while the rate of economic growth was greater than the growth rate of carbon emission, which indicated that the relative decoupling of economic growth from carbon emission was basically achieved.

ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Xueqin Xiang; Wei Zhu; Lijie Gao. Standardization of the Evaluation Index System for Low-Carbon Cities in China: A Case Study of Xiamen. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3751 .

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Xueqin Xiang, Wei Zhu, Lijie Gao. Standardization of the Evaluation Index System for Low-Carbon Cities in China: A Case Study of Xiamen. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Xueqin Xiang; Wei Zhu; Lijie Gao. 2018. "Standardization of the Evaluation Index System for Low-Carbon Cities in China: A Case Study of Xiamen." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3751.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Energy
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Due to increasing concerns on climate change, air pollution, and associated public health, China’s new-energy-vehicle (NEV) industry has received great support and experienced rapid development. Many patents have been approved and applied in this field to support its rapid development. However, few studies investigated the evolution of these patents. Under such a background, we measure China’s NEV-related patents by using a social network analysis approach. The top 38 organizations with the most NEV-related patents were chosen as the study targets. Patent numbers, technological innovation and development, and the geographical distribution of patents were examined. The cooperation network of NEV-related patents was also investigated, including its features and performance during different stages of the NEV growth. The results show that China's NEV-patents cooperation network has evolved smoothly with a growing network density, stable structure, and more cohesive subgroups. Policy recommendations were raised by considering the Chinese realities, such as the encouragement of cooperation, the creation of NEV-related patents pools, and the roles of various stakeholders.

ACS Style

Huaping Sun; Yong Geng; Lingxiang Hu; Longyu Shi; Tong Xu. Measuring China's new energy vehicle patents: A social network analysis approach. Energy 2018, 153, 685 -693.

AMA Style

Huaping Sun, Yong Geng, Lingxiang Hu, Longyu Shi, Tong Xu. Measuring China's new energy vehicle patents: A social network analysis approach. Energy. 2018; 153 ():685-693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huaping Sun; Yong Geng; Lingxiang Hu; Longyu Shi; Tong Xu. 2018. "Measuring China's new energy vehicle patents: A social network analysis approach." Energy 153, no. : 685-693.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Jianyi Lin; Jiefeng Kang; Nina Khanna; Longyu Shi; Xiaofeng Zhao; Jiangfu Liao. Scenario analysis of urban GHG peak and mitigation co-benefits: A case study of Xiamen City, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 171, 972 -983.

AMA Style

Jianyi Lin, Jiefeng Kang, Nina Khanna, Longyu Shi, Xiaofeng Zhao, Jiangfu Liao. Scenario analysis of urban GHG peak and mitigation co-benefits: A case study of Xiamen City, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 171 ():972-983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianyi Lin; Jiefeng Kang; Nina Khanna; Longyu Shi; Xiaofeng Zhao; Jiangfu Liao. 2018. "Scenario analysis of urban GHG peak and mitigation co-benefits: A case study of Xiamen City, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 171, no. : 972-983.

Original articles
Published: 25 December 2017 in International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology
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Urban ecological risk is one of the important factors that may restrict the social and economic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out a comprehensive assessment of ecological risks so that an ecological risk prevention and control plan can be scientifically formulated. In this paper, a comprehensive ecological risk assessment indicator system of Xiamen was established based on local ecological properties and socioeconomic status. This indicator system covers seven indicators including air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, fresh water consumption, change in land use, occupation of key zones with ecological functions, and road network expansion. Based on this indicator system and in conjunction with the single factor assessment of ecological risks, this study constructed a model of comprehensive ecological risk assessment and forecasted the comprehensive ecological risk of Xiamen in 2020. The results showed that the comprehensive ecological risk level of Xiamen in 2020 is medium and the main stressors are the discharge of air and water pollutants. From the perspective of risk receptors, i.e. the ecosystem services, the risk posed to the ecosystem services associated to the maintenance of air quality and water purification is the highest. Therefore, this study proposed the recommendations on ecological risk prevention and regulation in Xiamen based on the comprehensive assessment of ecological risks, in the hope to provide scientific support for local ecological protection and sustainable development.

ACS Style

Tong Xu; Miao Zhang; Lijie Gao; Bin Yang; Longyu Shi. Development and application of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment indicator system in Xiamen, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2017, 25, 468 -476.

AMA Style

Tong Xu, Miao Zhang, Lijie Gao, Bin Yang, Longyu Shi. Development and application of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment indicator system in Xiamen, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 2017; 25 (5):468-476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tong Xu; Miao Zhang; Lijie Gao; Bin Yang; Longyu Shi. 2017. "Development and application of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment indicator system in Xiamen, China." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 25, no. 5: 468-476.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2017 in International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology
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ACS Style

Longyu Shi; Miao Zhang; Bin Yang; Lijie Gao. Air pollution-oriented ecological risk assessment in Xiamen city, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2017, 25, 420 -430.

AMA Style

Longyu Shi, Miao Zhang, Bin Yang, Lijie Gao. Air pollution-oriented ecological risk assessment in Xiamen city, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 2017; 25 (5):420-430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longyu Shi; Miao Zhang; Bin Yang; Lijie Gao. 2017. "Air pollution-oriented ecological risk assessment in Xiamen city, China." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 25, no. 5: 420-430.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Hong Ye; Xinyue Hu; Qun Ren; Tao Lin; Xinhu Li; Guo-Qin Zhang; Longyu Shi. Effect of urban micro-climatic regulation ability on public building energy usage carbon emission. Energy and Buildings 2017, 154, 553 -559.

AMA Style

Hong Ye, Xinyue Hu, Qun Ren, Tao Lin, Xinhu Li, Guo-Qin Zhang, Longyu Shi. Effect of urban micro-climatic regulation ability on public building energy usage carbon emission. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 154 ():553-559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Ye; Xinyue Hu; Qun Ren; Tao Lin; Xinhu Li; Guo-Qin Zhang; Longyu Shi. 2017. "Effect of urban micro-climatic regulation ability on public building energy usage carbon emission." Energy and Buildings 154, no. : 553-559.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Shuncheng Yang; Longyu Shi. Prediction of long-term energy consumption trends under the New National Urbanization Plan in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 166, 1144 -1153.

AMA Style

Shuncheng Yang, Longyu Shi. Prediction of long-term energy consumption trends under the New National Urbanization Plan in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 166 ():1144-1153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuncheng Yang; Longyu Shi. 2017. "Prediction of long-term energy consumption trends under the New National Urbanization Plan in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 166, no. : 1144-1153.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Tong Xu; Chunyan Zhu; Longyu Shi; Lijie Gao; Miao Zhang. Evaluating energy efficiency of public institutions in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2017, 125, 17 -24.

AMA Style

Tong Xu, Chunyan Zhu, Longyu Shi, Lijie Gao, Miao Zhang. Evaluating energy efficiency of public institutions in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2017; 125 ():17-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tong Xu; Chunyan Zhu; Longyu Shi; Lijie Gao; Miao Zhang. 2017. "Evaluating energy efficiency of public institutions in China." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 125, no. : 17-24.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Energy Policy
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ACS Style

Jianyi Lin; Yuanchao Hu; Xiaofeng Zhao; Longyu Shi; Jiefeng Kang. Developing a city-centric global multiregional input-output model (CCG-MRIO) to evaluate urban carbon footprints. Energy Policy 2017, 108, 460 -466.

AMA Style

Jianyi Lin, Yuanchao Hu, Xiaofeng Zhao, Longyu Shi, Jiefeng Kang. Developing a city-centric global multiregional input-output model (CCG-MRIO) to evaluate urban carbon footprints. Energy Policy. 2017; 108 ():460-466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianyi Lin; Yuanchao Hu; Xiaofeng Zhao; Longyu Shi; Jiefeng Kang. 2017. "Developing a city-centric global multiregional input-output model (CCG-MRIO) to evaluate urban carbon footprints." Energy Policy 108, no. : 460-466.

Original paper
Published: 20 May 2017 in Journal of Forestry Research
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We classified forest resources into four modes: high timber output and high ecological reserve (Mode T-E); high timber output and low ecological reserve (Mode T-e); low timber output and low ecological reserve (Mode t-e); and low timber output and high ecological reserve (Mode t-E). Ecological reserve is stand volume per unit area of natural forests and total area of natural forests; timber output is defined as total area of timber forests and unit area of timber production. We used this classification system to examine forest development in China between 1950 and 2013. Data were acquired mainly from forest inventory statistics published by China’s Forestry Administration between the 1970s and 2013. I Information from the 1950s was acquired from relevant literature. Our analysis suggests that China’s forest resources transitioned from Mode t-E to Mode T-e during the period between the early 1950s and late 1970s, resulting in the destruction of both ecological vigor and timber resources. During the following 20 years, strategies were implemented to improve the ecological reserve and increase timber supply, resulting in a decline in the rate of forest degradation. Over the past decade, China’s forest resources have reached Mode T-E as a result of improvements in both the ecological reserve and the timber supply. Currently, the total area of timber forests is relatively low, representing the limiting factor for improvement in overall forest functionality. Nevertheless, along with increased efforts to protect natural forests and develop fast-growing forest plantations, it is hopeful that China’s forest resources will achieve a sustainable state. The four-mode TOER (timber output, ecological reserve) method introduced in this paper is a simple but an effective approach for characterizing the overall quality and quantity of forest resources. The data used for this type of evaluation are typically easy to obtain and reliable. This methodology has potential to be applied to forests in various regions and countries.

ACS Style

Jianwei Bai; Longyu Shi; Fengri Li; Yang Zhao. Assessing forest sustainability trajectory with temporal changes in timber output and ecological reserve: the case of China. Journal of Forestry Research 2017, 29, 171 -176.

AMA Style

Jianwei Bai, Longyu Shi, Fengri Li, Yang Zhao. Assessing forest sustainability trajectory with temporal changes in timber output and ecological reserve: the case of China. Journal of Forestry Research. 2017; 29 (1):171-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianwei Bai; Longyu Shi; Fengri Li; Yang Zhao. 2017. "Assessing forest sustainability trajectory with temporal changes in timber output and ecological reserve: the case of China." Journal of Forestry Research 29, no. 1: 171-176.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Bin Yang; Tong Xu; Longyu Shi. Analysis on sustainable urban development levels and trends in China's cities. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 141, 868 -880.

AMA Style

Bin Yang, Tong Xu, Longyu Shi. Analysis on sustainable urban development levels and trends in China's cities. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 141 ():868-880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bin Yang; Tong Xu; Longyu Shi. 2017. "Analysis on sustainable urban development levels and trends in China's cities." Journal of Cleaner Production 141, no. : 868-880.