In face of the current pandemic, universities are closing worldwide. In Brazil, as elsewhere, academic activities have been suspended in response to the Ministry of Health’s recommendations to socially distance. This created risk of suboptimally utilizing the great potential students have to contribute to the COVID‐19 response.

Background: Telomere dysfunction results in aneuploidy, and ongoing chromosomal abnormalities. The three-dimensional (3D) nuclear organization of telomeres allows for a distinction between normal and tumor cells. On the other hand, aurora kinase genes (AURKAandAURKB) play an important role regulating the cell cycle. A correlation between overexpression of aurora kinase genes and clinical aggressiveness has been demonstrated in different types of neoplasias. To better understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of CML evolution, it was examined telomere dysfunction (alterations in the 3D nuclear telomere architecture), and the expression levels ofAURKAandAURKBgenes in two clinical distinct subgroups of CML samples, from the same patient.Methods: Eighteen CML patients, in total, 36 bone marrow samples (18 patients,chronicvs.accelerated/blast phase) were eligible for 3D telomeric investigations. Quantitative 3D imaging, cytologic diagnosis and cytogenetic determination of additional chromosomal abnormalities were assessed according to standard protocols.Results: Using TeloView software, two CML subgroups were defined based on their 3D telomeric profiles, reflecting the different stages of the disease (chronicvs.accelerated/blast phase). Statistical analyses showed significant differences between the CML subgroups (p < 0.001). We also found thatAURKAandAURKBmRNA were expressed at significantly higher levels in both CML subgroups, when compared with healthy donors. Our findings suggest that the evolution of CML progresses from a low to a high level of telomere dysfunction, that is, from an early stage to a more aggressive stage, followed by disease transformation, as demonstrated by telomere, additional chromosomal abnormalities, and gene expression profile dynamics.Conclusions: Thus, we demonstrated that 3D telomere organization, in accordance with the genomic instability observed in CML samples were able to distinguish subgroup CML patients. Classifying CML patients based on these characteristics might represent an important strategy to define better therapeutic strategies.

In equatorial Brazil, the association of Burkitt lymphoma and Epstein–Barr virus manifests at high rates. Here, we report, for the first time, amplifications of aurora kinase genes (AURKA/B) in a patient with a history of periodontal abscess and the presence of a remaining nodule, diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and Epstein–Barr virus, and /HIV positive. The patient was a 38-year-old man who presented with a 2-week-old severe jaw pain and a 3-day-old severe bilateral headache. He had a history of

Objetivo: realizar, a partir da análise documental e da revisão literária, uma reflexão sobre o contexto histórico da interiorização da medicina no Brasil e acerca de seus principais desafios e benefícios para a sociedade e os estudantes. Métodos: uma revisão narrativa, com a busca de artigos publicados no período de 2008 a 2022. Resultados: foram selecionados 14 estudos científicos, os quais apontavam para uma crescente privatização de instituições de ensino em detrimento da sua estatização e a progressiva interiorização desse ensino, despolarizando-o das capitais e de grandes centros urbanos para regiões remotas. No que tange aos obstáculos para interiorização efetiva da medicina, tem-se a falta de investimento na estrutura da atenção básica, o caráter provisório do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) e a judicialização da medicina. Conclusões: o processo de interiorização da medicina é gradual e apresenta muitos empecilhos, porém evidencia um grande avanço desde a instituição do PMM, agregando na saúde de milhares de pessoas. Nesse cenário, ainda são necessários mais incentivos governamentais para estruturação dos serviços de saúde e maior apoio para os profissionais, promovendo meios de fixar esses médicos nas regiões do interior do Brasil.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits marked clinical heterogeneity that is closely associated with genomic instability. Although cytogenetic abnormalities are widely used for risk stratification, they do not fully capture the biological complexity of the disease. Telomere dysfunction and alterations in DNA damage response pathways have been implicated in disease progression, but their relationship with cytogenetic risk in CLL remains incompletely characterized. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 48 CLL patients were analyzed. The analyzed PBMC fractions were enriched in leukemic B cells, with an estimated median tumor content above 85–90%. Cytogenetic profiles were obtained by conventional karyotyping following in vitro immunostimulation with DSP30 and interleukin-2 and classified according to ERIC and Döhner criteria. Telomere length was assessed by quantitative PCR, and CHEK1 and CHEK2 expression levels were quantified by RT–qPCR. Molecular parameters were compared across cytogenetic risk groups. Distinct molecular profiles were observed across cytogenetic categories. Favorable-risk CLL cases showed preserved telomere length, low CHEK1 expression, and maintained CHEK2 levels. Intermediate-risk cases, predominantly characterized by trisomy 12, exhibited moderate telomere shortening accompanied by increased CHEK1 expression and partial reduction of CHEK2. High-risk CLL cases, defined by del(11q), del(17p), or complex karyotypes, displayed pronounced telomere shortening, marked CHEK1 upregulation, and strong suppression of CHEK2. Telomere length was inversely correlated with cytogenetic risk (Spearman’s ρ = −0.68, p < 0.0001), and the CHEK1/CHEK2 expression ratio increased progressively with genomic complexity. These findings indicate that telomere length and CHEK1/CHEK2 expression patterns are closely associated with cytogenetic risk in CLL and may provide complementary biological information for risk stratification.

Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Imunização objetiva organizar e garantir a cobertura vacinal nacional, a fim de reduzir doenças imunopreviníveis. Há, contudo, circunstâncias sociopolíticas e demográficas que reduzem a adesão à vacinação, sobretudo em crianças menores de 2 anos. Assim, é necessário discutir as causas e os impactos dessa questão no Brasil. Objetivos: Analisar a cobertura vacinal direcionada às crianças no período dos 1000 dias, entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico analítico, de recorte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, sobre a imunização de indivíduos de até 2 anos entre os anos de 2016 a 2020, com o uso da plataforma DATASUS e das bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO, BVS e do Ministério da saúde. Resultados: Verificou-se a redução, predominantemente, de 10,51% das aplicações de vacinas entre os anos de 2016 a 2020 na população de até 2 anos de idade. Ademais, os imunobiológicos que mais sofreram redução foram: hepatite B (84,87%), influenza (99%) e poliomielite oral (18,45%). Discussão: Alguns fatores relacionados à redução da aplicação de imunobiológicos nesse período são a baixa cobertura vacinal, propagação de fake news, falta de informação da população e a pandemia da COVID-19, com o isolamento social. Conclusão: Apesar da importância das vacinas para o controle das doenças infectocontagiosas, percebeu-se a redução de aplicações dos imunobiológicos e o aumento da morbimortalidade, sendo necessária a criação de estratégias para promover a adesão à imunização e a ampliação da cobertura vacinal no Brasil.