The presented case-control study was developed to characterize the clinical, histopathological and immunological profile of patients with traumatic injuries, benign neoplasms, potentially malignant oral disorders and malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, in order to identify biomarkers of malignancy.

Background/Objectives: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare and aggressive melanoma subtype with a notably poor prognosis compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Despite advances in molecular characterization, SNMM remains underexplored, posing a clinical challenge and highlighting the need for detailed molecular profiling. This study aimed to identify the molecular features of SNMM, elucidate its clinical behavior and prognostic implications, and provide insights for improved therapeutic strategies. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 37 primary melanoma tumors diagnosed at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Gene expression was examined using 1402 immuno-oncology-related probes through next-generation sequencing. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the xCell algorithm were performed. The statistical methods comprised descriptive statistics, clinical variable associations, and survival analyses. Results: HCA revealed two primary clusters. Cluster A exclusively contained CM tumors (20/24), while cluster B included all SNMMs (13/13) and some CMs (4/24). Cluster B showed a higher average age at diagnosis (p = 0.018), higher mitotic index (p = 0.0478), fewer BRAF mutations (p = 0.0017), and poorer melanoma-specific survival (p = 0.0029). Cluster B showed 602 DEGs with cell cycle pathways enriched, immune pathways diminished, lower immune scores (p < 0.0001), and higher stromal scores (p = 0.0074). Conclusions: This study revealed distinct molecular characteristics and an altered tumor microenvironment in SNMMs and certain aggressive CMs. Identifying specific genes and pathways involved in cell cycle progression and immune evasion suggests potential prognostic markers, offering new avenues for enhancing treatment strategies and improving patient survival rates.

Considering the importance of tumor microenvironment characterization, this study aims to determine the immunoexpression of PD-L1 and correlate with the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in AC and LLSCC lesions and with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in LLSCC and its relationship with histopathological characteristics. This sample includes 33 cases of AC and 17 cases of LLSCC. The cases were submitted to histopathological analysis and to CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ cell determination by immunohistochemistry. There was a significant difference among the frequencies of CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ cells between AC and LSCC cases, higher in the last group. Moreover, histopathological and atypical changes in AC and LLSCC were correlated with the frequencies of PD-L1+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. In AC, PD-L1+ cases had a low frequency of CD4+ cells, but on the other hand, PD-L1+ cases of LLSCC had a higher frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Therefore, the PD-L1 molecule may be a potential escape route for the immune response in oral lesions, but the mechanisms differ between AC and LLSCC. Future studies related to immune evasion and immunotherapy in oral lesions should consider the analysis of inflammatory infiltrate and TILs.

In equatorial Brazil, the association of Burkitt lymphoma and Epstein–Barr virus manifests at high rates. Here, we report, for the first time, amplifications of aurora kinase genes (AURKA/B) in a patient with a history of periodontal abscess and the presence of a remaining nodule, diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and Epstein–Barr virus, and /HIV positive. The patient was a 38-year-old man who presented with a 2-week-old severe jaw pain and a 3-day-old severe bilateral headache. He had a history of

Os Centros de Referência de Assistência Social destacam-se na assistência à população em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Considerando a importância da disseminação de informações sobre saúde a este público, este trabalho objetiva relatar a implantação e execução do projeto de extensão “Informação é Saúde”, de modo a contribuir para os conhecimentos acerca da extensão Universitária no contexto da Educação Popular em Saúde em unidades socioassistenciais do município de Jataí-Goiás. As metodologias empregadas nos encontros incluíram: rodas de conversa, dinâmicas de perguntas e respostas, discussão sobre mitos e verdades, problematizações de situações clínicas, artes plásticas, artes cênicas e criação de material audiovisual. As atividades objetivaram ações de Educação Popular em Saúde para a garantia da integralidade e da equidade em saúde e da humanização do cuidado, sobretudo para o público em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica atendido neste projeto e os resultados positivos reforçam a importância de projetos com esse enfoque. The Social Assistance Referral Centers provide notorious assistance to the population in situations of social vulnerability. Considering the importance of the dissemination of information about health to this public, this work aims to report the implementation and execution of the extension project ‘Information is Health’ in order to contribute to the knowledge about university outreach in the context of Popular Education in Health in social assistance units in the municipality of Jataí-Goiás, The methodologies employed in the meetings included: conversation circles, question and answer dynamics, discussion of myths and truths, the problematization of clinical situations, visual arts, performing arts, and creation of audiovisual material. The activities reinforced the importance of actions of Popular Health Education to guarantee integrality and equity in health and humanization of care, especially for the public in socioeconomic vulnerability assisted in this project.