The practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) can reduce mortality and morbidity rates in children and supports optimal growth and development in children. The practice of EBF influenced by various predisposing factors, supporting factors and reinforcing factors. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants 6-24 months old infants in Padang. This case control study conducted at Padang with 200 mothers, consisting of 100 mothers of case groups and 100 mothers of control groups. Maternal and infant characteristics, family characteristics, predisposing factors, supporting factors and reinforcing factors, and exclusive breastfeeding were collected for this study. Chi square and binary logistic regression were used to the data analysis. Results showed that mother's occupation, exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and parent’s support were the most influencing determinants for exclusive breastfeeding.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a major nutritional problem among pregnantwomen in developing countries, primarily due to inadequate dietary intake.Supplementary feeding interventions have been widely reported as an effectivestrategy to improve maternal nutritional status. This study aimed to evaluate the effectof high-fiber and high-protein dadih-based functional bread on Mid-Upper ArmCircumference (MUAC) among pregnant women with CED. A randomized controlledtrial was conducted involving 60 pregnant women with MUAC < 23.5 cm in PadangCity, West Sumatra. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention groupreceiving high-fiber, high-protein dadih functional bread or a control group receivingstandard dadih functional bread for 12 weeks. MUAC was measured monthly.Independent t-tests and General Linear Model Repeated Measures were applied toassess the intervention effect, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used toadjust for potential covariates. Significant differences in MUAC were observed betweengroups at the third and fourth measurements (p = 0.004 and p = 0.008). Although theoverall increase in MUAC between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.115),the intervention showed a favorable trend toward improvement. These findings indicatethat high-fiber, high-protein dadih functional bread is feasible for use among pregnantwomen with CED

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), accompanied by disruptions in acid–base homeostasis, both of which may be exacerbated by an elevated dietary acid load (DAL). Persistent metabolic acidosis resulting from high DAL has been implicated in the acceleration of renal functional deterioration, muscle catabolism, and bone demineralization in patients with advanced CKD. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence linking DAL to CKD progression in other settings, research systematically examining the influence of dietary acid burden in individuals with advanced-stage CKD remains limited in the Indonesian context. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between DAL and indices of kidney function among patients with stage 4–5 CKD. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia, involving 80 patients diagnosed with stage 4–5 CKD. Dietary intake was assessed through two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and DAL was estimated utilizing the validated Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP) formula. Bivariate analyses and multivariate binary logistic regression were employed to examine associations between DAL tertiles and renal function parameters, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Higher DAL was associated with lower GFR and elevated serum urea and creatinine concentrations. Following full multivariate adjustment, individuals in the highest DAL tertile demonstrated a significantly increased odds of reduced GFR relative to those in the lowest tertile (OR: 8.55; 95% CI: 1.63 – 44.79; p = 0.017). Statistically significant dose–response trends were additionally observed for elevated serum urea (p = 0.023) and serum creatinine (p = 0.032) across increasing DAL tertiles, indicating a consistent and progressive relationship between dietary acid burden and markers of renal functional impairment. Conclusions: These findings indicate that an elevated dietary acid burden may constitute a significant and modifiable contributing factor to the decline in kidney function observed in patients with advanced CKD. Dietary modification aimed at reducing acid load—particularly through optimization of the balance between animal- and plant-derived protein sources and the enhancement of dietary potassium intake—may offer a clinically feasible and evidence-based nutritional strategy to attenuate metabolic acidosis and decelerate CKD progression. Prospective longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further elucidate the differential effects of animal- versus plant-based protein consumption on DAL and to establish causal directionality in this association. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Dietary Acid Load; Net Endogenous Acid Production; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney Function; Metabolic Acidosis.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench), is a cereal crop ranked the world’s fifth most important cereal grain after wheat, maize, rice and barley. sorghum grain protein varies from 4.4 to 21.1% with a mean value of 11.4%. Sorghum grain is known for its hardness compared to other food grains. The hardness of the grain is due to higher content of protein prolamin (3.6 to 5.1%). Dadih is a fermented buffalo milk with various lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Dadih could be developed into other products such as vla. This study aimed to analyze physicochemical, sensory preference, and nutrients content of dadih vla. Dadih collected from Agam District, West Sumatera. The development of sorghum and curd substitute bread products was carried out by dividing them into 3 product formulations, namely 0%, 5% and 10% sorghum substitute bread and vla with the addition of 0%, 15% and 20% strawberry. Based on the physicochemical and sensory tests that have been carried out, it was found that the best formulation was a bread formula with 5% sorghum substitution and 15% strawberry VLA. The selected formula contains 39.24% water, 48.51% carbohydrates, 0.76% ash, 5.85% carbohydrates, 5.74% fat, 1.81% crude fiber, and 43.89% vitamin C. The pH value is 4.89 with brightness 56.87, redness 5.60 and yellowness 16.97. For future research, it is recommended that product testing be carried out in accredited laboratories and testing other nutritional variables so that the resulting product is more optimal and complete.

Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a cereal crop ranked the world′s fifth most important cereal grain after wheat, maize, rice, and barley. Sorghum grain protein varies from 4.4% to 21.1%, with a mean value of 11.4%. Sorghum grain is known for its hardness compared to other food grains. The hardness of the grain is due to a higher content of protein prolamin (3.6%–5.1%). Dadih is a fermented buffalo milk with various lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Dadih could be developed into other products such as vla. This study was aimed at analyzing sensory preference and nutrient content of dadih vla. Dadih was collected from Agam District, West Sumatra. The development of sorghum and dadih substitute bread products was carried out by dividing them into three product formulations, namely, 0%, 5%, and 10% sorghum substitute bread and vla with the addition of 0%, 15%, and 20% strawberries. Based on the physicochemical and sensory tests that have been carried out, it was found that the best formulation was a bread formula with 5% sorghum substitution and 15% strawberry vla. The selected formula contains 39.24% water, 48.51% carbohydrates, 0.76% ash, 5.85% protein, 5.74% fat, 1.81% crude fiber, and 43.89 mg vitamin C. The pH value is 4.89 with a brightness of 56.87, a redness of 5.60, and a yellowness of 16.97. The most abundant amino acid in the sorghum substitute bread (5% with strawberry vla, 15%) was glutamate, followed by proline, aspartic acid, serine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, arginine, valine, alanine, threonine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, cystine, and methionine. The antioxidant activity of sorghum substitute bread 5% with strawberry vla 15% is 93,667.44 μ g/mL. For future research, it is recommended that product testing be carried out in accredited laboratories and that testing of other nutritional variables be conducted so that the resulting product is more optimal and complete.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been increasingly associated with dietary patterns, particularly a high Dietary Acid Load (DAL). Diets rich in animal protein and low in fruits and vegetables may contribute to metabolic disturbances that negatively affect the kidney function. This literature review aimed to evaluate the relationship between DAL and kidney function in individuals with CKD. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between January and June 2025. A total of 19,040 articles were included. After screening and eligibility assessment using the PRISMA approach, six studies were included. Review articles, clinical trials, and animal studies were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify the association between DAL and renal outcomes in patients with CKD. The findings consistently indicated that a high DAL was associated with impaired kidney function, including lower serum bicarbonate levels, reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and increased serum creatinine concentrations. Variations in study outcomes were observed due to differences in DAL assessment methods, such as dietary intake analysis and urinary net endogenous acid production (NEAP) measurement. In conclusion, a High DAL may contribute to CKD progression. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are required to clarify the causal effects of DAL reduction on renal health.