This article presents data on the structure and elemental composition of hand-built miniature cups with a smooth surface, that were enclosed into burials as funeral pottery, and household pots dated to the first millennium AD found in four different archaeological sites of Western Lithuania. Investigated funeral and household pottery samples reflect the chemical composition of the local raw materials used for their production, while the variations in composition point to different clay locations, as well as use of distinct tempers and peculiarities of ceramics firing technology.

The experimental and theoretical study of photovoltage formation in perovskite solar cells under pulsed laser excitation at 0.53 μm wavelength is presented. Two types of solar cells were fabricated on the base of cesium-containing triple cation perovskite films: (1) Cs_x(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_(1−x)Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃ and (2) Cs_x(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_(1−x)Pb_0.8Sn_0.2(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃. It is found that photovoltage across the solar cells consists of two components, U = U_ph + U_f. The first one, U_ph, is the traditional photovoltage arising due to laser radiation-induced electron-hole pair generation. The second one, U_f, is the fast component following the laser pulse and has a polarity opposite to that of U_ph. It is shown that the fast photovoltage component results from the laser radiation-caused heating of free carriers. The transient photovoltage measurements show that the values of the fast component U_f are nearly the same in both types of perovskite solar cells. The magnitude of the traditional photovoltage of mixed Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells is lower than that of Pb-based cells.

Laser ablation of a bulk ZnTe target in de-ionized water or ethanol for nanoparticle synthesis was performed using a femtosecond laser beam (190 fs) with UV wavelength (343 nm). ZnTe nanoparticles with the cubic crystal structure are obtained. The largest percentage of the nanoparticles has sizes from ∼4 to ∼30 nm. Their size distribution histogram follows a lognormal function with a median diameter of ∼10 nm. The nanoparticles have a bandgap energy of ∼2.5 eV and larger up to ∼3 eV for a decrease of the laser ablating pulse energy from 50 to 10 μJ. Resonant Raman spectra of the nanoparticles are characterized by the fundamental longitudinal-optical and multiphonon peaks of ZnTe that exhibit a broadening and shift to lower frequencies compared to the bulk material attributed to phonon confinement and surface optical phonons. The ratio of the second to the fundamental longitudinal-optical phonon mode integrated intensity peaks exhibits a decrease in the nanoparticles compared to the bulk material, which indicates a weaker electron–phonon coupling. Time-resolved optical emission spectra of the laser-induced plasma plume are characterized by neutral Zn and Te lines as well as singly ionized Te lines observed at the early times of plume expansion. ZnI emission in de-ionized water decays faster than that in the air due to plume compression by the liquid and its effective cooling. At longer time delays, molecular emission from ZnO in the liquids is observed.