Background/Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is commonly employed to detect glucose intolerance, but it can be inconvenient and time-consuming. We aimed to evaluate the precision of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and other serum markers in predicting abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). Methods: This diagnostic study involved 121 PCOS women who attended the Gynaecologic Endocrinology Unit at Siriraj Hospital. Patients underwent assessments for weight, height, waist circumference, modified Ferriman–Gallwey score and acanthosis nigricans. Blood samples were collected to measure fasting glucose and insulin levels after a 75-gram oral OGTT, fasting insulin level, HbA1c, lipid profile, androgen profile and complete blood count. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-β), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio (G/I ratio) were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these serum markers were compared. Results: The prevalence of AGT was 24.8%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for HbA1c in detecting AGT was 0.656, while HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, QUICKI and the G/I ratio had values of 0.817, 0.737, 0.817 and 0.77, respectively. The G/I ratio cut-off point of 6% demonstrated a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 74.7%, positive predictive value of 48.9%, negative predictive value of 89.5% and accuracy of 74.4%. Conclusions: The G/I ratio is the most accurate compared to other serum markers in detecting AGT among Thai women with PCOS.

Objective: To study the pain-reducing effect of music therapy and aromatherapy with ginger essential oil (GEO; Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the first stage of labor. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted from May to October 2022 in the delivery room of Thammasat University Hospital in Thailand. Participants were nulliparous pregnant women who came with actual labor pain and cervical dilation of 3 cm. They were divided into three groups: control, music, and aromatherapy. The control group received intrapartum care according to hospital guidelines, while participants in the music group listened to a "Musical Journey through Pregnancy" music playlist, and the aromatherapy group inhaled GEO. A visual analog scale was used for pain assessment every 2 hours. Interventions and pain assessment continued until the end of the first stage of labor or until cesarean section was indicated. Results: Three hundred pregnant women were recruited. The mean age of the participants was 27.7 years old, and no difference in BMI among the three groups. Participants in the music and aromatherapy group had statistically significantly less labor pain than participants in the control group when cervical dilation was between 4 and 7 cm (6,1±0.7, 1.9±0.7, 2.6±0.4 when cervical dilation was 4-5 cm and 8.0±0.7, 2.8±0.4, 3.6±0.3 when cervical dilation was 6-7 cm in the control, music, and aromatherapy groups, respectively (p < 0.001). However, at cervical dilation of 8-10 cm, there was no difference among the three groups regarding labor pain. Both intervention groups had significantly shorter labor time and less estimated blood loss during vaginal delivery than the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Music and aromatherapy decreased labor pain, labor time, and estimated blood loss compared to the control group.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening (CCS) during pregnancy among pregnant women. Material and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand from February to September 2024. Participants were pregnant women aged 18 to 45 years old who attended their first antenatal visit at a gestational age of less than 20 weeks. After counseling, written informed consent was signed after well understood of the study. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of knowledge about cervical cancer, attitudes towards screening and interest in undergoing screening during pregnancy was used. Results: A total of 384 participants were recruited. The average maternal age was 30 years. Two-thirds (254/384) of the participants had at least a bachelor's degree, and over half (197/384) had a high salary. Only 42.7 (164/384) percent had previously undergone CCS with 70 (115/164) percent screened in the past 3 years. Knowledge scores averaged 8.9 out of 15 with many participants unaware of key facts, including the use of the Pap smear for screening. Although most participants (85.2-97.4%) had a positive attitude towards CCS during pregnancy, only 57(219/384) percent were interested in undergoing CCS during pregnancy. Factors such as prior screening and knowledge level were significant determinants of interest in CCS. Conclusion: Pregnant women had moderate knowledge and a good attitude towards cervical cancer and CCS. Less than half of pregnant women uninterested in CCS during pregnancy with the reason of prior CCS before pregnancy and inconvenience.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers in methamphetamine (MA) abuse during pregnancy and develop a screening tool. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who gave birth at Nakhon Phanom Hospital (NPH), Thailand, between January 2022 and December 2023. Subjects were parturients who delivered at NPH during the study period and obtained MA detection by spot urine sample test at first antenatal care and delivery. Participants with positive and negative urine MA were placed in the study and control group, respectively. Data came from hospital electronic records and were analyzed to create inflammatory markers. Results: There were 87 and 234 subjects in the study and control groups, respectively. The prevalence of MA during pregnancy was 2.4%. The average age and body mass index of participants were 27.5 years old and 27 kg/m², respectively. The study group had a higher risk of preterm labor than the control group (OR 5.7, p<0.01). Only the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were significant prognostic factors and generated a predictive model (MA score). Predictive model gave a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios at 57.5%, 83.8%, 56.8%, 84.1%, 3.5, and 0.5. respectively. Conclusion: MA usage during pregnancy affected to preterm delivery. NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were associated with MA addiction. The MA score was an easy tool to estimate the probability of MA use in pregnancy when MA screening was not routinely performed.