This work is devoted to the study of the effect of small Bi additives on the functional properties of Pdx:Bi/Al₂O₃ catalysts in the selective oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The catalysts obtained by the joint impregnation method were characterized (TEM) by high dispersion of bimetallic nanoparticles with a median diameter of 4–5 nm. The structure of the Pd-Bi solid solution was confirmed via XPS and showed a change in the valence state of Pd and Bi depending on the Bi content, as well as the fraction of the oxidized state of Bi. TPR-H₂ revealed various forms of Pd, including PdO and mixed Pd-O-Bi structures. The Pd10:Bi1/Al₂O₃ catalyst demonstrated the highest efficiency (77.2% glucose conversion, 96% sodium gluconate selectivity), which is due to the optimal ratio between Pd and Bi, ensuring the stabilization of metallic Pd and preventing its oxidation.

Background. Amiodarone is widely used as an antiarrhythmic drug, but its effectiveness is not entirely predictable, and its side effects are not completely controllable. To determine the effective concentration of amiodarone in the blood, a method for quantitative analysis of the drug in the presence of a biological matrix is needed. Objective. To develop a procedure for quantitative determination of amiodarone (AMI) and desethylamiodarone (DEA) in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and Methods. The procedure was developed using an Agilent 1260 Infinity chromatograph with diode array detector (Agilent, USA) on a Tsunami C18 Pharm column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with proprietary stationary phase. Agilent Zorbax SB C8 precolumn (9.4×15 mm, 7 μm) was used to protect the column from mechanical contaminants. Validation was performed according to OFS.1.1.0012.15 “Validation of Analytical Methods” for the following parameters: selectivity, matrix effect, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and limits of detection and quantification. Results. The QuEChERS sample preparation was modified to achieve optimal conditions for the extraction of AMI and DEA from the biological matrix. Mobile phase A was phosphate buffer (pH 3, 7.5 mM), mobile phase B was 100% acetonitrile. The separation was performed in gradient mode. Up to 7.00 minutes – the B phase content was 55%, from 7.00 to 7.15 minutes – an increase in B phase content to 85% in order to elute the more hydrophobic components, from 7.15 to 15.00 minutes – the B phase content did not change, followed by a return to the original 50% at 15.15 min. The total analysis time was 18 minutes. Column thermostat temperature was set to 30 °C, flow rate – 1.2 mL/min; injection volume – 80 µL; selective wavelength was 241 nm. The value of retention factor for AMI was 2.25; for DEA – 1.44. Conclusion. The authors have developed and validated the new HPLC procedure for quantitative identification of AMI and DEA in human blood plasma.

Despite the rapid development of interventional treatment modalities and the introduction of novel antiarrhythmic drugs, amiodarone continues to occupy a unique niche in long-term relapse prevention therapy for atrial fibrillation. This is particularly relevant for patients with organic myocardial disease, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and in regions with limited access to catheter ablation or costly alternative medications. However, the complex, multifactorial pharmacokinetics of amiodarone – high lipophilicity, enormous volume of distribution, the presence of the pharmacologically active metabolite desethylamiodarone, and an exceptionally long elimination half-life – pose significant challenges for clinicians. A narrow therapeutic window and a high risk of dose-dependent adverse effects justify the potential value of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The lecture based on a critical appraisal of available evidence and real-world clinical data reviews current perspectives on the clinical significance of measuring amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations. Pharmacokinetic features that determine patient management strategies are discussed in detail, along with the controversies surrounding existing clinical guidelines and the methodological limitations of published studies. Particular attention is devoted to identifying clinical scenarios in which TDM may be most informative and to outlining directions for future randomized controlled trials.

Three self-contained photogenerators of methanesulfonic and trifluoromethanesulfonic acids, based on new 4,5-di(hetero)arylpyrimidine derivatives, have been synthesized and designed. The formation of photoacids was achieved by irradiating the solutions with the third harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser (355 nm) in toluene and dichloromethane. It has been demonstrated that the photogenerated acids can serve as highly effective reagents for the deprotection of the dimethoxytrityl group from phosphoramidites, which are commonly used in oligonucleotide synthesis. Additionally, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is, on average, ten times more effective than methanesulfonic acid.

Some of one of the urgent tasks of modern medicine and pharmaceutics, as well as the chemical industry, is the search for and research of natural sources of substances possessing pharmacological activity. Within the framework of these tasks, there is increased interest in medicinal plant raw materials, which is associated with the content of a rich complex of biologically active substances, many of which exhibit specific pharmacological activity. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the properties of plant raw materials. As objects of research we used dry capsulated food extract and supercritical fluid CO2-extract of Rhodiola rosea (Rhododiola rosea L.). The following studies were carried out studies of antiradical activity by means of free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-propylpropylhydrazyl), antibacterial activity by the hole-diffusion method in the author's modification, analysis of the total content of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids by spectrophotometry, assessment of mononuclear cell viability using the resazurin test, qualitative analysis of samples by HPLC-MS and UV spectroscopy. It was experimentally revealed that extracts of Rhodiola rosea contain in their composition compounds of the class of polyphenols, flavonoids, glycosides, phytosteroids and terpenoids. CO2-extract has the highest content of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids - dry extract. Both extracts show antiradical activity, but the dry extract has it to a greater extent. The supercritical fluid extract does not adversely affect the the viability of mononuclear cells. The antibacterial activity of the extracts has not been established. The value of the work is to enrich the knowledge base on the properties of Rhodiola rosea extracts, obtaining new data on its supercritical fluid CO2-extracts, not presented to date among scientific papers. Based on experimental data, it is possible to note the prospective application of Rhodiola extracts in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of a wide range of action.