Interaction between the water adsorption ability of aluminium-oxide-based sorbents and their chemical composition, acid-base properties of the surface, and textural characteristics has been analysed. Alumina desiccants were synthesized with the centrifugal–thermal activation of gibbsite followed by the hydration of the gibbsite under mild conditions. It was demonstrated that the multicyclic adsorption regeneration of samples under realistic conditions results in structural transformations and changes in the acidity of their surfaces and water adsorption ability. The modification of pseudoboehmite with alkali ions increases surface basicity and the dynamic capacity of adsorbents relating to water vapours. Equations have been presented that describe the adsorption and desorption processes taking place during water vapour adsorption with the materials studied.

The transformations of oil components from the Zyuzeevskoye field during catalytic aquathermolysis in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst precursor and hydrogen donors were studied. It was found that the yield of gasoline and diesel fractions increased by more than 36% in the case of catalytic aquathermolysis in the presence of tetralin. The maximum conversion of asphaltenes was achieved with a simultaneous slowing down of coke formation by four times. The calculation of the structural-group parameters of initial asphaltenes and the products of thermal cracking and catalytic aquathermolysis was made, and the hypothetical construction of their molecular structures was proposed. It was established that the phase composition, ratio, and morphology of nickel catalysts after catalytic aquathermolysis (CA) and catalytic aquathermolysis with tetralin (CA+T) depend on the amount of “free” hydrogen and are represented by Ni_0.96S and Ni₉S₈.

Nanopowders of hydroxyapatite (HA), modified by magnesium (MgHA) and by silicon (SiHA) were obtained by liquid-phase microwave synthesis method. X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy results showed that Mg²⁺ and SiO₄⁴⁻ ions were present in the synthesized products both as secondary phases and as part of the HA phase. Whitlockite was found in the magnesium-modified HA (MgHA) and larnite was found in the silicon-modified HA (SiHA); ion substitution for both materials resulted in solid solutions. In the synthesized samples of modified HA, the increase of particle size of powders was in the order HA < SiHA < MgHA, which was calculated through data specific surface area and measured pycnometric density of the powders. The Lewis acid sites (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Si⁴⁺) were present using spectral probes on the surface of the samples of HA, MgHA, and SiHA, and the acidity of these sites decreased in the order SiHA > MgHA > HA. The rates of calcium phosphate layer deposition on the surface of these materials at 37 °C in the model simulated body fluid solution showed similar dependence.