The application of chemometrics, a widely used science in food studies (and not only food studies) has begun to increase in importance with chemometrics being a very powerful tool in analyzing large numbers of results. In the case of honey, chemometrics is usually used for assessing honey authenticity and quality control, combined with well-established analytical methods. Research related to investigation of the quality changes in honey due to modifications after processing and storage is rare, with a visibly increasing tendency in the last decade (and concentrated on investigating novel methods to preserve the honey quality, such as ultrasound or high-pressure treatment). This review presents the evolution in the last few years in using chemometrics in analyzing honey quality during processing and storage. The advantages of using chemometrics in assessing honey quality during storage and processing are presented, together with the main characteristics of some well-known chemometric methods. Chemometrics prove to be a successful tool to differentiate honey samples based on changes of characteristics during storage and processing.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), natural membrane-bound structures released by cells, offer a promising platform for precise and targeted delivery of therapeutic payloads, including drugs and nanoparticles. This comprehensive review explores the integration of engineered nanomaterials with EVs to advance drug delivery systems. It covers various aspects of this integration, including techniques for synthesizing, loading, characterizing, and applying nanomaterials within EVs. Methodologies for integrating diverse nanocarriers like nanoparticles, liposomes, and quantum dots into EVs are discussed, along with characterization methods such as electron microscopy and light scattering. Attention is also given to considerations of biological compatibility, safety assessments, and strategies for surface modification to enhance targeting precision. Highlighting various applications, including targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, and vaccine development, the review underscores the potential of EV-nanomaterial hybrids to leverage EVs’ innate targeting capabilities and the versatility of nanomaterials. However, it also addresses challenges such as scalability, standardization, and safety that must be overcome to facilitate the clinical translation of these promising biomedical solutions.

Tumor progression and therapy resistance are formed not only by cancer cell intrinsic mechanisms but also by dynamic interactions with the surrounding tumor stroma. Metabolic regulation is central to these interactions, with lipid pathways emerging as critical determinants of cell fate. A growing concept is the phosphatidylcholine ferroptosis axis, which functions as a metabolic checkpoint linking membrane remodeling, oxidative stress, and tumor stroma communication. Phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in mammalian membranes, is primarily synthesized through the Kennedy pathway under the control of choline kinase alpha. Enhanced phosphatidylcholine synthesis alters membrane architecture and generates substrates for lipid remodeling. These changes regulate susceptibility to ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Remodeling by enzymes such as lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases and phospholipase A2 influences polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into membranes, thereby determining the pool of lipids prone to oxidative damage. Phosphatidylcholine metabolism extends beyond cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can supply phosphatidylcholine derived from metabolites that buffer tumor cells against ferroptosis, while altered phosphatidylcholine dynamics modulate macrophage and T cell activity, influencing immune surveillance and inflammatory tone. Through these mechanisms, the phosphatidylcholine–ferroptosis axis integrates metabolic control of cell death with stromal regulation of tumor growth and resistance. Therapeutically, targeting phosphatidylcholine synthesis and remodeling combined with ferroptosis inducers or glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitors could sensitize tumors to oxidative cell death while reprogramming stromal elements toward anti-tumor activity. This places the phosphatidylcholine ferroptosis axis as a promising target for combination therapies designed to disrupt tumor stroma crosstalk and improve clinical outcomes.

The increasing incidence of oral malignancies, coupled with the limitations of conventional treatments such as toxicity and drug resistance, has driven the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising anticancer agents due to their distinctive physicochemical attributes, which facilitate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and tumor-suppressive activities. Unlike traditional chemical or physical synthesis methods, plant-mediated green synthesis offers a sustainable and ecologically sound alternative, leveraging the natural reducing and stabilizing compounds inherent in botanical extracts. This review provides a detailed analysis of contemporary advancements in the eco-conscious production of AgNPs using diverse plant sources and their potential role in addressing oral cancer. Furthermore, the article evaluates the cytotoxic impact of these biogenic nanoparticles on oral cancer cell models, elucidating molecular pathways such as oxidative stress induction, apoptosis activation, and inhibition of proliferative signaling. Clinical implications are explored, emphasizing the balance between therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility in normal cells. While plant-derived AgNPs present a groundbreaking avenue for targeted oral cancer therapy, challenges such as scalability, standardization, and long-term safety require resolution for successful clinical translation. This synthesis of current knowledge aims to inspire innovative, nature-driven strategies to enhance oral oncology outcomes.