Existen múltiples barreras para que las empresas realicen efectivamente procesos de innovación. Estas barreras, según el Manual de Oslo, se agrupan en financieras, de conocimiento y de mercado. Sin embargo, en años recientes la literatura ha mostrado que, además de estas tipologías de barreras, existen otras que también impiden a las compañías alcanzar innovaciones exitosas. En este documento se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para publicaciones en Scopus entre 2019 y 2022, y que tuvo como principal objetivo entender cuáles son las tendencias en investigación frente a las barreras en innovación en los últimos años, especialmente para la literatura en inglés. Los resultados mostraron que la visión tradicional de las barreras a la innovación está evolucionando desde la lógica del Manual de Oslo hacia otra en donde se genera una forma más incluyente de dichas barreras y en la que se demuestra que no solo la innovación tecnológica, sino también las innovaciones ambientales y sociales, se ven afectadas por dichas barreras. Adicionalmente, se encontró que las pequeñas y jóvenes empresas, así como las que operan en países en vía de desarrollo, son las que tienen una mayor percepción de enfrentar barreras a la innovación. Este artículo contribuye especialmente a los tomadores de decisiones y a los investigadores que buscan plantear soluciones para que las empresas se sobrepongan a las barreras a la innovación.

Using a Conditional Difference in Difference procedure and data for Colombia, we determine if firms that receive subsidies to innovation in the period 2010-2016 present additionality on input, output, and behavioral innovation variables. We found that there are differences among the additionalities of small and medium firms (SMEs) and big firms, and the existence of a crowding-out effect for internal R&D expenditures in SMEs. At the same time, we found additionality on R&D employment for all types of firms and the presence of experience effects introduced by subsidies, especially for SMEs. These effects are related to positive additionalities. At the same time, we cannot find additionality effects on patents and trademarks. However, we found negative additionality on sales of big companies that we relate with the way we measure this variable.

Patents are essential for university technology diffusion to society; however, patent quality in universities, especially in Latin America, has been poorly studied. We create a quality index for patents granted to regional universities by using patent quality variables as patent production, technical relevance, use of top knowledge, technological scope, cooperation, and internationalization. Results show that, on average, Brazilian universities had higher quality than their peers in other countries and that Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá occupies the first position of the ranking for 2016. The main contribution of this paper is to create the first Index for patent quality at universities in the region, and for what we know, the first country aggregated measure of patent quality for universities. This nobel measure is related to research quality in Scopus and Web of Science databases and can be used to complement international university rankings to measure a dimension not previously used by those rankings.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role that different financial sources and financial specialization have on private research and development (R&D) activity in OECD countries. Design/methodology/approach: The authors developed several panel regressions choosing as a final model a two-way random effects regression to understand which funding sources are related to the R&D expenditure, and how financial specialization has links to the private portion of R&D aggregated expenditure. The authors include data from the years 2000 to 2016 for OECD countries. Findings: The results reinforce the critical role that stock markets have in enhancing private R&D and that bond markets have an inverse relationship with private R&D national expenditures. The authors do not find evidence of a link between bank sources and private R&D. Specialized financial systems (banking or market) support innovation in a better way than a mixed arrangement of those two systems. Practical implications: The findings of this study have considerable policy implications. Policymakers need to be aware of these results, given that some variables related to financial markets, seems to boost the inputs for R&D. In the long term, this could be a signal that national and regional systems of innovation need a broad view of the factors hampering scientific activity, and also a signal that there are other ways to impact the results of the complex innovation activity through the development of stronger financial systems backing up national systems of innovation. Originality/value: The authors found that the long discussion about the financial system that a country has to choose to enhance growth with R&D&I may have been misleading the public policy. The findings show that rather than a bank or a stock market financial system, economies looking to boost R&D&I, must specialize in one of the two systems, deepen these and generate the appropriate policies to promote science, technology and innovation using those financial markets.